154 THE IMMORTALITY OF ANIMALS 



It is common to say, when an animal performs 

 some important mental action, it is instinct ; but if 

 a man performs the same thing it is called reason. 

 Most of the phenomena of life are made up of what 

 is common to man and the lower animals, and if it 

 is instinct in one it is in all. It is common to eat 

 when hungry ; to rest when tired ; to sleep when 

 sleepy ; to love or hate ; to fear pain or death ; to 

 recognize a friend or an enemy ; and to seek com- 

 fort and happiness. 



The highest aim of man and the lower animals is 

 the possession or pursuit of bodily wants. Man, be- 

 sides being man, is also an animal, and is governed 

 by the same physical and mental laws ; and free- 

 will no more belongs to him than to other animals. 

 The only difference is that the mind of animals is 

 acted upon by fewer and simpler motives. Ani- 

 mals are free to go in any direction ; free to eat, 

 drink, walk, run, lie down, quarrel, fight, go astray, 

 trespass on the rights of others, and follow out the 

 bent of their minds, and, like man, free to act any 

 part of life which their organizations may permit 

 them to do. If I say to my dog, " Give me your 

 paw," and hold out my hand, it will cheerfully do 

 so. If I say to a little child, " Give me your hand," 



