INSTINCT IS IMMORTAL 1 67 



share of it in this life, has been used as an argu- 

 ment for a future life in order to equalize conditions. 



I am perfectly willing to admit the reasonable- 

 ness of the argument, but at the same time must 

 urge the claims of lower animals by the same logic. 

 Notwithstanding the subordinate condition of lower 

 animals, enjoyment is the proper attendant of their 

 existence, and we perceive everywhere, when it is 

 within their power to attain, symptoms of enjoy- 

 ment and happiness. Their whole being is a sys- 

 tem of needs, the supply of which is a gratifica- 

 tion, and of faculties, the exercise of which is 

 pleasurable. 



They more extensively enjoy the happiness which 

 is limited to their sphere than man in his sphere, as 

 their mental and bodily functions are less liable 

 to interfere with their enjoyment. To form so 

 vast a range of beings, and to make beings every- 

 where capable of happiness is a conclusive argu- 

 ment that the destiny of all must be the same. 

 The faculties of the various species differ, the same 

 as the different races of man ; but the happiness of 

 each depends on the harmony there may be be- 

 tween its particular faculties and its particular en- 

 vironments. If their bodily wants are supplied, 



