MEANS OF PREVENTING CRUELTY 277 



one position. That it causes a horse to suffer is 

 evident by the way he frets, tossing his head from 

 side to side, foaming and often bleeding from the 

 constant pressure on the tender parts of the mouth 

 and tongue. It makes the mouth raw and sore, 

 creates distress, and consequently the horse becomes 

 irritable and less kind and useful, and his life is 

 shortened. The best argument is the comparison 

 of livery horses with farm horses of the same age. 



When two bits are used in the mouth, the objec- 

 tions to the over-check are still greater. The mouth 

 is distorted and spread apart; dust accumulates in 

 the mouth and throat, and breathing is seriously in- 

 terfered with. Curb-bits are equally objectionable. 

 They are a constant misery in a horse's mouth as 

 they press up on the chin and down on the tongue 

 and tender parts of the mouth. The long levers 

 are not in the proper position to guide or control a 

 horse and such a bit should never be used under 

 any circumstances. 



A horse is a kind, gentle, obedient animal, and 

 is willing to do what he understands is required of 

 him, but, like a child, he must be taught. There 

 are three important things in the government and 

 control of all animals, namely, common sense. 



