THE CHEST. 



21 



inches (5 7 cm.) above the lower margin of the thorax : towards the front, it is 

 usually a little lower on the left side than the right. 



The heart and great vessels. The upper limit of the heart is represented by 

 a line passing from the lower border of the second costal cartilage of the left side to 

 the upper border of the third cartilage of the right side ; the lower limit by a line 



Fig. 10. FRONT VIEW OP THR TRUNK, SHOWING THE RELATIVE POSITIONS OP THE PRINCIPAL THORACIC 

 AND ABDOMINAL VISCERA, &c. |. (R. J. G. and Gr. D. T.) 



The outlines of the lungs and their large fissures are indicated by thin lines ; the position of the 

 heart and great vessels (superior vena cava, arch of aorta and pulmonary artery), as well as below the 

 abdominal aorta and the common and external iliac arteries, by thick lines ; the liver is represented by 

 a broken line ; the stomach and transverse colon by thick dotted lines ; and the kidneys by thin 

 dotted lines. 



drawn somewhat obliquely, and with a slight downward convexity, from the seventh 

 chondro-sternal articulation of the right side to the apex, the latter point being in the 

 fifth intercostal space, about three and a half inches (9 cm.) to the left of the middle 



