THE FACIAL ARTERY. 



397 



and the levafcor labii superioris (sometimes under the last muscle); and near its 

 ending it is embedded in the fibres of the leva tor labii superioris alseque nasi. 



The facial vein is to the outer side of the artery and separated from it by a 

 considerable interval in the face ; at the base of the jaw the vein is close to the 

 artery; and in the neck the vein is more superficial, being separated from the 

 artery by the submaxillary gland. 



Branches of the facial nerve cross the vessel ; and the infraorlital nerve is 

 beneath it, separated by the fibres of the elevator of the upper lip. 



Fig. 339. SUPERFICIAL VIEW 



OP THE ARTERIES OP THE 



HEAD AND NECK. (Tiede- 

 mann.) 



a, orbicularis oris ; ?>, 

 sterno - mastoid ; c, parotid 

 gland near its duct ; d, hyoid 

 bone ; e, clavicle ; 1, trunk 

 of common carotid artery near 

 its division into external and 

 internal carotids ; 1', interal 

 carotid ; 2, placed on the an- 

 terior belly of the omo-hyoid 

 muscle, points to the superior 

 thyroid artery ; 3, lingual ar- 

 tery and its hyoid branch ; 4, 

 placed on the submaxillary 

 gland at the place where the 

 facial artery sinks beneath it, 

 and again where the artery 

 turns over the lower jaw ; 4', 

 termination of the facial ar- 

 tery by division into the 

 angular and lateral nasal 

 branches ; 4", is between the 

 frontal and nasal branches of 

 the ophthalmic artery ; 5, 

 submental branch of the facial 

 artery 6, inferior labial 

 branch ; 7, transverse facial 

 artery ; 8, superficial tem- 

 poral artery, passing over the 

 zygoma and distributed by 

 8', 8', its anterior and pos- 

 terior divisions on the surface 

 of the cranium ; 9, occipital 

 artery ; 9', its distribution 

 and anastomoses with the 

 superficial temporal and pos- 

 terior auricular arteries ; 10, 

 third part of the subclavian 



artery; 11, superficial cervical, and 12, posterior scapular arteries; 13, suprascapular artery; 14, 

 acromio-thoracic branch of the axillary artery. 



A. Cervical branches. The following branches are derived from the facial artery 

 below the jaw : 



(a) The inferior or ascending palatine artery, a considerable branch, ascends 

 between the stylo-glossus and stylo-pharyngeus muscles, and then between the 

 internal pterygoid and the wall of the pharynx, to near the base of the skull, giving 

 small branches to the surrounding muscles, to the tonsil, and to the Eustachian 

 tube. Meeting the levator palati, it turns downwards and passes with that muscle 

 above the upper border of the superior constrictor into the soft palate, where it is 

 distributed to the mucous membrane, the glands, and the muscles, and anastomoses 

 with the artery of the opposite side. The place of this artery in the palate is 

 frequently taken by the ascending pharyngeal. 



