402 



THE ARTERIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK. 



The last mentioned, or palatine, branch is sometimes of considerable size, and supplies 

 the soft palate, taking the place of the inferior palatine branch of the facial artery, which 

 in such cases is small. It divides into an anterior and a posterior twig 1 , both of which 

 anastomose across the middle line with their fellows of the opposite side. 



(&) The prereriebral branches, small and irregular, are distributed to the longus 

 colli and recti antici muscles, to the upper cervical ganglion of the sympathetic 

 nerve and some of the cranial nerves as they issue from the skull, and to lymphatic 

 glands. Some of them anastomose with the ascending cervical branch of the sub- 

 clavian artery. 



(f) The meningeal branches are terminal twigs, which pass through the 



Fig. 341. THE LINGUAL AND 



ASCENDING PHARYNGEAL 



AKTEKIKS. (R. Quaiu.) J, 



The left half of the lower 

 jaw has been removed, with 

 the external and internal pte- 

 rygoid muscles, and the tem- 

 poral muscle has been turned 

 up from within the zygoma, 

 a, base of the zygoma, above 

 the glenoid cavity ; b, placed 

 on the lobule of the ear, points 

 by a line to the styloicl pro- 

 cess, from which the stylo- 

 glossus and stylo-pharyngeus 

 are seen passing downwards 

 and forwards, while the stylo- 

 h void, detached from the hyoid 

 bone, is thrown backwards 

 with the digastric muscle ; 



c, transverse process of atlas ; 



d, upper surface of tongue ; 



e, sawn surface of lower jaw ; 

 /, hyoid bone ; 1, common 

 carotid artery ; 2, internal 

 carotid ; 3, external carotid ; 

 3', placed on the stylo-pharyn- 

 geus muscle, points by a line 

 to the upper part of the ex- 

 ternal carotid, divided where 

 it enters the parotid gland ; 



4, superior thyroid artery, its 

 laryngeal branch passing upon 

 the thyro-hyoid membrane ; 



5, lingual artery, about to pass 

 beneath the hyo-glossus ; 5', placed on the genio-glossus, points to the continuation of the lingual 

 artery as the ranine ; 6, facial artery cut short ; 6', its inferior palatine branch ; 7, occipital artery cut 

 short ;. 8, ascending pharyngeal artery ; 8', its upper part turning down upon the pharynx ; 9, internal 

 maxillary artery as it passes into the sphcno-maxillary fossa, and gives the posterior dental and the 

 inf raorbital arteries ; 9', middle meningeal artery ; 1 0, placed on the deep surface of the temporal 

 muscle, which shows some cut branches of the deep temporal arteries. 



foramen Jacerum, jugular foramen, and anterior condylar foramen, to end in the 

 dura mater. 



(d) The tympanic branch is a minute twig accompanying the tympanic branch 

 of the glosso-pharyngeal nerve to the inner wall of the tympanum. 



Varieties. This artery varies greatly in its place of origin from the external carotid. 

 It sometimes springs from the occipital, from the internal carotid, or from the bifurcation of 

 the common carotid artery. It is occasionally double, and in a few cases three arteries have 

 been seen. 



7. Superficial temporal artery (iv). The superficial temporal artery, one 

 of the terminal branches of the external carotid, continues upwards in the direction of 



