12 TREES OF NEW ENGLAND. 



formerly scattered over a rocky pasture and in the adjoining 

 woods, a tract of about two acres in extent. Most of these 

 were cut down in 1898, but the survivors, if left to themselves, 

 will doubtless multiply rapidly, as the conditions have proved 

 very favorable (C. H. Bissell in lit., 1899). 



Like P. resinosa and P. Banksiana, it has its foliage leaves 

 in twos, with neither of which, however, is it likely to be 

 confounded ; aside from the habit, which is quite different, it 

 may be distinguished from the former by the shortness of its 

 leaves, which are less than 2 inches long, while those of 

 P. resinosa are 5 or 6 ; and from the latter by the position 

 of its cones, which point outward and downward at maturity, 

 while those of P. Banksiana follow the direction of the twig. 



Picea nigra, Link. 



Picea Mariana, B. S. P. (including Picea brevifolia, Peck). 



BLACK SPRUCE. SWAMP SPRUCE. DOUBLE SPRUCE. 

 WATER SPRUCE. 



Habitat and Range. Swamps, sphagnum bogs, shores of 

 rivers and ponds, wet, rocky hillsides ; not uncommon, espe- 

 cially northward, on dry uplands and mountain slopes. 



Labrador, Newfoundland, and Nova Scotia, westward beyond the 

 Rocky mountains, extending northward along the tributaries of the 

 Yukon in Alaska. 



Maine, common throughout, covering extensive areas 

 almost to the exclusion of other trees in the central and 

 northern sections, occasional on the top of Katahdin (5215 

 feet); New Hampshire and Vermont, common in sphagnum 

 swamps of low and high altitudes ; the dwarf form, var. semi- 

 prostrata, occurs on the summit of Mt. Mansfield (Flora of 

 Vermont, 1900); Massachusetts, frequent; Rhode Island, 

 not reported ; Connecticut, rare ; on north shore of Spectacle 

 ponds in Kent (Litchfield county), at an elevation of 1200 

 feet; Newton (Fail-field county), a few scattered trees in a 

 swamp at an altitude of 400 feet ; (New Haven county) a few 



