16 TREES OF NEW ENGLAND. 



season's shoots, erect ; scales madder-purple, spirally imbri- 

 cated, broader than long, margin entire or slightly erose. 



Fruit. Cones ; single or clustered, lateral along the pre- 

 vious season's shoots, recurved, mostly pointing downward at 

 various angles, on short stalks, falling the first autumn but 

 sometimes persistent a year longer, 1-2 inches long (usually 

 larger than those of P. nigrci), reddish-brown, mostly ovate ; 

 scales thin, stiff, rounded ; margin entire or slightly irregular. 



Horticultural Value. Hardy throughout New England ; 

 adapts itself to a great variety of soils and lives to a great 

 age. Its narrow-based conical form, dense foliage, and yellow 

 green coloring form an effective contrast with most other ever- 

 greens. It grows, however, slowly, is subject to the loss of 

 its lower branches and to disfigurement by insects. Seldom 

 offered in nurseries. 



PLATE VII. PICEA RUBRA. 



1. Branch with sterile flowers. 



2. Stamen, front view. 



3. Stamen, side view. 



4. Branch with fertile flowers. 



5. Cover-scale and ovuliferous scale, outer side. 



6. Ovuliferous scale with ovules, inner side. 



7. Fruiting branch with cones of two seasons. 



8. Seed. 



9. Leaf. 



10. Cross-sections of leaves. 



Picea alba, Link. 

 Picea Canadensis, B. S. P. 



WHITE SPRUCE. CAT SPRUCE. 1 SKUNK SPRUCE. 1 

 LABRADOR SPRUCE. 



Habitat and Range. Low, damp, but not wet woods ; dry, 

 sandy soils, high rocky slopes and exposed hilltops, often in 

 scanty soil, 



1 So called from the peculiarly unpleasant odor of the crushed foliage 

 and young shoots, a characteristic which readily distinguishes it from 

 the P. nigra and P. rubra. 



