TSUGA CANADENSIS, CARR 19 



Tsuga Canadensis, Carr. 

 HEMLOCK. 



Habitat and Range. Cold soils, borders of swamps, deep 

 woods, ravines, mountain slopes. 



Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, through Quebec and Ontario. 



Maine, abundant, generally distributed in the southern 

 and central portions, becoming rare northward, disappearing 

 entirely in most of Aroostook county and the northern Penob- 

 scot region ; New Hampshire, abundant, from the sea to a 

 height of 2000 feet in the White mountains, disappearing in 

 upper Coos county ; Vermont, common, especially in the 

 mountain forests ; Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connect- 

 icut, common. 



South to Delaware and along the mountains to Georgia and 

 Alabama, ascending to an altitude of 2000 feet in the Adirondacks ; 

 west to Michigan and Minnesota. 



Habit. A large handsome tree, 50-80 feet high ; trunk 2-4 

 feet in diameter, straight, tapering very slowly ; branches going 

 out at right angles, not disposed in whorls, slender, brittle 

 yet elastic, the lowest declined or drooping ; head spreading, 

 somewhat irregular, widest at the base ; spray airy, graceful, 

 plume-like, set in horizontal planes ; foliage dense, extremely 

 delicate, dark lustrous green above and silver green below, 

 tipped in spring with light yellow green. 



Bark. Bark of trunk reddish-brown, interior often cinna- 

 mon red, shallow-furrowed in old trees ; young trunks and 

 branches of large trees gray brown, smooth ; season's shoots 

 very slender, buff or light reddish-brown, minutely pubescent. 



Winter Buds and Leaves. Winter buds minute, red brown. 

 Leaves spirally arranged but brought by the twisting of the 

 leafstalk into two horizontal rows on opposite sides of the 

 twig, about ^ an inch long, yellow green when young, becoming 

 at maturity dark shining green on the upper surface, white- 

 banded along the midrib beneath, flat, linear, smooth, occa- 

 sionally minutely toothed, especially in the upper half ; apex 



