THUJA OCCIDENTALS, L. 23 



Thuja occidentalis, L. 

 ARBOR-VIM;. WHITE CEDAR. CEDAR. 



Habitat and Range. Low, swampy lands, rocky borders of 

 rivers and ponds. 



Southern Labrador to Nova Scotia ; west to Manitoba. 



Maine, throughout the state ; most abundant in the cen- 

 tral and northern portions, forming extensive areas known as 

 "cedar swamps"; sometimes bordering a growth of black 

 spruce at a lower level ; New Hampshire, mostly confined 

 to the upper part of Coos county, disappearing at the White 

 river narrows near Hanover ; seen only in isolated localities 

 south of the White mountains ; Vermont, common in swamps 

 at levels below 1000 feet ; Massachusetts, Berkshire county ; 

 occasional in the northern sections of the Connecticut river 

 valley ; Rhode Island, not reported ; Connecticut, East 

 Hartford (J. K Bishop). 



South along the mountains to North Carolina and East Tennes- 

 see ; west to Minnesota. 



Habit. Ordinarily 25-50 feet high, with a trunk diameter 

 of 1-2 feet, in northern Maine occasionally 60-70 feet in 

 height, with a diameter of 3-5 feet ; trunk stout, more or 

 less buttressed in old trees, tapering rapidly, often divided, 

 inclined or twisted, ramifying for the most part near the 

 ground, forming a dense head, rather small for the size of the 

 trunk; branches irregularly disposed and nearly horizontal, 

 the lower often much, declined ; branchlets many, the flat 

 spray disposed in fan-shaped planes at different angles ; foli- 

 age bright, often interspersed here and there with yellow, 

 faded leaves. 



Bark Bark of trunk in old trees a dead ash-gray, striate 



with broad and flat ridges, often conspicuously spirally twisted, 

 shreddy at the edge ; young stems and large branches reddish- 

 brown, more or less striate and shreddy; branchlets ultimately 

 smooth, shining, reddish-brown, marked by raised scars; sea- 

 son's twigs invested with leaves. 



