QUERCUS ILICIFOLIA, WANG. 93 



of rapid and uniform growth, readily and safely transplanted, 

 and but little disfigured by insects ; obtainable in leading 

 nurseries. Propagated from the seed. 



PLATE XLVI. QUERCUS PALUSTRIS. 



1. Winter buds. 



2. Flowering branch. 



3. Sterile flower, side view. 



4. Fertile flower, side view. 



5. Fruiting branch. 



Quercus ilicifolia, Wang. 



Quercus nana, Sarg. Quercus pumila, Sudw. 

 SCRUB OAK. BEAR OAK. 



Habitat and Range. In poor soils; sandy plains, gravelly 

 or rocky hills. 



Maine, frequent in eastern and southern sections and 

 upon Mount Desert island ; New Hampshire, as far north 

 as Conway, more common near the lower Connecticut ; Ver- 

 mont, in the eastern and southern sections as far north as 

 Bellows Falls ; Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecti- 

 cut, too abundant, forming in favorable situations dense 

 thickets, sometimes covering several acres. 



South to Ohio and the mountain regions of North Carolina and 

 Kentucky; west to the Alleghany mountains. 



Habit. Shrub or small tree, usually 3-8 feet high, but 

 frequently reaching a height of 15-25 feet ; trunk short, 

 sometimes in peaty swamps 1013 inches in diameter near 

 the ground, branches much contorted, throwing out numerous 

 branchlets of similar habit, forming a stiff, flattish head ; 

 beautiful for a brief week in spring by the delicate greens and 

 reds of the opening leaves and reds and yellows of the numer- 

 ous catkins. Sometimes associated with Q. prinoides. 



Bark. Old trunks dark gray, with small, closely appressed 

 scales; small trunks and branches grayish-brown, not fur- 

 rowed or scaly ; younger branches marked with pale yellow, 



