ULMUS KACEMOSA, THOMAS. 99 



Ulmus racemosa, Thomas. 

 CORK ELM. ROCK ELM. 



Habitat and Range. Dry, gravelly soils, rich soils, river 

 banks. 



Quebec through Ontario. 



Maine, not reported ; New Hampshire, rare and ex- 

 tremely local ; Meriden and one or two other places (Jessup) ; 

 Vermont, rare, Bennington, Pownal (Robbins), Knowlton 

 (Brainerd), Highgate (Eggleston) ; comparatively abundant 

 in Champlain valley and westward (T. H. Haskins, Garden 

 and Forest, V, 86); Massachusetts, rare; Rhode Island 

 and Connecticut, not reported native. 



South to Tennessee ; west to Minnesota, Iowa, Nebraska and 

 Missouri. 



Habit. A large tree, scarcely inferior at its best to 

 U. Americana, 5075 feet high, with a trunk diameter of 23 

 feet ; reaching in southern Michigan a height of 100 feet and 

 a diameter of 5 feet ; trunk rather slender ; branches short 

 and stout, often twiggy in the interior of the tree ; branchlets 

 slender, spreading, sometimes with a drooping tendency ; head 

 rather narrow, round-topped. 



Bark. Bark of trunk brownish-gray, in old trees irregu- 

 larly separated into deep, wide, flat-topped ridges ; branches 

 grayish-brown ; leaf-scars conspicuous ; season's shoots light 

 brown, more or less pubescent or glabrous, oblong-dotted ; 

 branches and branchlets often marked lengthwise with corky, 

 wing-like ridges. 



Winter Buds and Leaves. Buds ovate to oblong, pointed, 

 scales downy-ciliate, pubescent. Leaves simple, alternate, 

 3-4 inches long, half as wide, glabrous above, minutely 

 pubescent beneath ; outline ovate, doubly serrate (less sharp 

 than the serratures in U. Americana) ; apex acuminate ; base 

 inequilateral, produced and rounded on one side, acute or 

 slightly rounded on the other ; veins straight ; leafstalk short, 

 stout ; stipules soon falling. 



