212 LLOYDS NATURAL HISTORY. 



tinged with yellow, extending from the base of the bill to just 

 behind the eye ; sides of face dingy olive, with a dusky line 

 through the eye ; under surface of body dingy olive-yellow, 

 whiter on the centre of the breast, abdomen, and under tail- 

 coverts, the latter washed with olive-yellow; under wing-coverts 

 and axillaries rather brighter greenish-yellow ; quills dusky 

 below, ashy-whitish along the edge of the inner webs ; bill dark 

 brown, the lower mandible slightly paler ; feet and claws dar 

 brown, almost black; iris hazel. Total length, 4-6 inches 

 culmen, o'5 ; wing, 2 '8 ; tail, 1*9 ; tarsus, o'8. 



Adult Female Similar to the male. Total length, 4-5 inches 

 wing, 2-4. 



Autumn Plumage. Much more fulvescent in tint than in sum 

 mer, the eyebrow being fulvous, and the throat, chest, an< 

 sides of the body also of this colour, with a few yellow streak 

 on the throat and breast. 



Young. Similar to the adults, but entirely olive-yellow undei 

 neath, the under wing-coverts and axillaries, and the edge c 

 the wings, being brighter yellow. 



NOTE. The Chiffchaff can be easily recognised by the shape of th 

 wing, which is much more rounded than in the Willow- Warbler or Wooc 

 Warbler, and has the second primary, i.e., the first long primary in th 

 wing, about equal in length to the sixth. The general colour is mor 

 dingy, and the size is rather smaller than that of the Willow-Warblei 

 Both in life and in a prepared skin the feet are much darker, appearin 

 black in the skin of a Chiffchaff, and brown in a Willow-Warbler. Th 

 character and that of the more rounded wing of the Chiffchaff render th 

 two birds easily recognisable one from the other. 



Eange in Great Britain. An early summer visitor, arriving in, 

 the middle of March, and leaving in September and October.; 

 Chiffchaffs occasionally remain in England during the winter, 

 and Mr. Robert Read has presented to the British Museum 

 a specimen obtained by him in Somersetshire on the 27th o| 

 December, 1892. Mr. Howard Saunders says that the birc 

 winters mostly in the south-western counties, when it elects t( 

 stay in England during the cold weather. In all parts of Greaj 

 Britain it is a rarer bird than the Willow- Warbler, but is com* 

 moner in some districts than others, being rare or local in Nor 

 folk, Lancashire, and in the north-west of Yorkshire, but agaii 

 more plentiful in the northern counties of England, and th< 



