THE SCAUP DUCKS. 13 



Fuhgula cristata, Macg. Br. B. v. p. 121 (1852); Dresser, B. 



Eur.vi. p. 573, pi. 437 (1879); B. O. U. List Br. B. p. 129 



(1883) ; Seeb Br. B. iii. p. 583 (1885) Saunders, ed. Yarr. 



Brit. B. iv. p. 430 (1885) ; id. Man. Br. B. p. 435 (1889) ; 



Lilford, Col. Fig. Br. B. part xiii. (1890). 

 Fuligula fuligulci) Salvad. Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxvii. p. 363 



Adult Male. General colour above black, with a slight green- 

 ish gloss, and with faint indications of grey frecklings ; the 

 wing-coverts like the back, including the bastard-wing and 

 primary-coverts ; the primaries black externally and at the 

 ends of the inner webs, the latter being brown on the outer 

 primaries, paler and inclining to white on the inner ones, where 

 the light colour extends to the outer web also ; the secondaries 

 white, with a black band at the end, the innermost black, 

 glossed with green ; tail dusky-brown ; crown of head with a 

 tufted crest black, slightly glossed with purple ; sides of face, 

 neck, and throat black, with a very distinct purple gloss, chang- 

 ing to green under certain lights ; fore-neck dusky-black, 

 freckled with whitish bars on the lower part; remainder of 

 under surface of body from the fore-neck downwards pure 

 white, the vent and sides of lower flanks and under tail-coverts 

 black ; the flank-feathers brown at their ends ; under wing- 

 coverts and axillaries white, the lower primary-coverts pale 

 ashy like the quill-lining ; " bill dull leaden to bright greyish- 

 blue, the nail and extreme tip black ; feet varying in colour 

 like the bill, often with an olivaceous tinge on the tarsi ; webs 

 varying from dusky to almost black, and the claws from deep 

 brown to black ; iris golden-yellow " (A. O. Hume]. Total 

 length, 14-5 inches; culmen, 1*5; wing, 7-9; tail, 2-1 ; tarsus, 

 1*2. 



Adult Female. Browner than the male, with obscure edges of 

 paler brown to the feathers of the mantle ; wings and tail as 

 in the male, but the former without green gloss ; the head only 

 slightly crested, and, like the neck and throat, dark brown, 

 inclining to blackish ; the fore-neck rusty-brown ; under surface 

 of body from the fore-neck downwards pure white, mottled 

 with dusky spots on the lower abdomen, vent, and under tail- 

 coverts ; the flanks washed with rusty-brown ; the colours of 



