228 LLOYD'S NATURAL HISTORY. 



I. THE DUNLIN. PELIDNA ALPINA. 



T'ringn alpina^ Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 249 (1766); Dresser, B. 

 Eur. viii. p. 21, pi. 548 (1876) ; B. O. U. List Brit. B. p. 

 169 (1883); Saunders, ed. Yarrell's Brit. B. iii. p. 377 

 (1883); Seebohm, Hist. Brit. B. iii. p. 184(1885); Saun- 

 ders, Man. Brit. B. p. 569 (1889) ; Lilford, Col. Fig. Brit. 

 B. part xxiv. (1893). 



Tringa cinclus, L.; Macgill. Brit. B. iv. p. 203 (1852). 



(Plate LXXXVff.) 



Adult Male in Summer Plumage. General colour above bright 

 sandy-rufous, mottled with b'ack centres to the feathers ; the 

 markings longitudinal on the head and neck, broader on the 

 latter ; on many of the feathers of the back and scapulars are 

 remains of whitish edgings ; rump dusky-brown, with centres 

 to the feathers ; the greater coverts edged with white at the 

 tips ; bastard-wing and primary-coverts dark brown, the latter 

 with white tips ; quills dusky-brown, with whitish shafts ; the 

 secondaries white at base of inner web, and also fringed with 

 white at the ends ; tail-feathers light brown, with white shafts 

 and narrow white fringes ; lores and a faint eyebrow dull whitish, 

 with tiny streaks of black ; sides of face sandy-rufous, lined with 

 small streaks of blackish ; the cheeks and throat whiter, but 

 similarly lined; the lower throat tinged with sandy-buff; fore- 

 neck and chest white, with mesial streaks of black to all the 

 feathers ; remainder of under surface pure white, with a large 

 horse-shoe mark of black on the breast ; the lower flanks and 

 under tail-coverts lined with blackish ; under wing-coverts and 

 axillaries pure white, the primary-coverts light ashy, like the 

 lower surface of the quills ; bill, legs, feet, and claws black ; 

 iris hazel. Total length, 6'8 inches; culmen, 1*1 ; wing, 4*2; 

 tail, 1*9 ; tarsus, 0-9. 



Adult Female in Summer Plumage. Similar to the male, but having 

 the black horse-shoe mark on the breast less strongly developed. 

 In old birds, however, this is as strongly marked as in the male. 

 Total length, 5-8 inches; culmen, 1*15; wing, 47; tail, r8; 

 tarsus, i'o. 



Adult in Winter Plumage. General colour above ashy-brown, 

 with slightly indicated dusky centres to a few of the feathers. 



