296 LLOYD'S NATURAL HISTORY. 



regularly and distinctly barred with black and dull white ; tail- 

 feathers also blackish, narrowly barred across with white, the 

 bars somewhat interrupted on the outer feathers ; sides of face, 

 throat, and under surface of body sooty-black, with the remains 

 of whitish margins, these being more distinct on the abdomen ; 

 the under tail-coverts distinctly barred with black and white ; 

 under wing-coverts and axillaries pure white, the edge of the 

 wing and lower primary-coverts barred with black ; bill very 

 dark brown, the basal half of the lower mandible dusky-red ; 

 legs and toes orange-red ; claws black ; iris brown. Total 

 length, 12 inches; oilmen, 2*4; wing, 6-25; tail, 2-4; tarsus, 



2'I. 



Adult Female in Breeding Plumage. Not to be distinguished 

 from the male. Total length, 12 inches; oilmen, 2-3; wing, 

 6-45; tail, 2-5; tarsus, 2-1. 



Adult in Winter Plumage. Entirely different from the summer 

 plumage, but with red legs; upper surface grey, the lower 

 back white ; the rump and upper tail-coverts barred with black 

 and white ; wings bronzy-brown, all the coverts and secondaries 

 edged or notched with white, the secondaries as plainly barred 

 with black and white as in the breeding-plumage ; the inner- 

 most secondaries bronzy-brown, with imperfect bars of black on 

 the margins ; head grey like the back, with a supra-loral mark 

 of white ; lores ashy ; sides of face white, streaked with ashy- 

 grey ; under surface of body white, with streaks of dusky- 

 grey on the fore-neck ; sides of upper breast also ashy-grey ; on 

 the flanks and under tail-coverts a few incomplete dusky cross- 

 bars. 



Young Birds in First Plumage Similar to the winter plumage of 

 the adults, but darker and more bronzy-brown, with white spots 

 on the edges of the feathers, very distinct on the scapulars and 

 wing-coverts ; centre tail-feathers regularly barred with dusky ; 

 under surface of body broadly barred with dusky black- 

 ish on the breast, flanks, and under tail-coverts; the lower 

 throat, fore-neck, and chest thickly mottled with dusky grey ; 

 the secondaries not so distinctly barred with white as in the 

 adults, the white bars not being continuous across the feathers 

 bill olive, the base of the lower mandible orange; feet 

 orange, claws olive ; iris hazel. 



