Chap. III.] GENERAL ANATOMY. 51 



passes into the iliac, it is joined by a vessel which passes up 

 through the substance of the kidney, receiving en route a sciatic 

 factor (sc. v.). Traced backwards, this vessel (hypogastric. Hyp. v.) 

 emerges from the kidney, and may be traced to the roof of 

 the pelvis. The hypogastric of each side, however, is connected 

 with its fellow by a transverse vessel, and from this transverse 

 connecting vessel a median vein (the coccygeo-mesenteric vein, 

 c. m. v. ) passes forwards, and forms a direct communication with 

 the portal system. 



The precavals (I. pc., r. pc.) are large trunks bringing blood 

 from the head, wings, and breast, and are formed by the union 

 of three main factors, the jugulars (ju. v.) from the head and 

 neck, the Irachials (br. v.) from the wings, and the pectorals (pc. v.) 

 from the muscles of the breast. By severing the gullet and 

 trachea a little below the head, and tracing the jugulars forward, 

 they will be seen to curve round and unite in the middle line, 

 receiving a number of small factors from the head. 



4. The Urmo-genital System. The kidneys are dark-red elon- 

 gated trilobed bodies closely attached to the dorsal body-walls. 

 To their anterior ends are attached yellowish elongated adrenals. 

 The ureters pass back from the point of junction of the anterior 

 and middle lobes to the cloaca. There is no bladder. 



The testes in the male have not undergone the peculiar change 

 of position we noted in the rabbit, nor do they deliver their 

 products to the kidneys as in the frog. From them run special 

 ducts (vasa deferentia\ which are convoluted and dilated pos- 

 teriorly, and which open into the cloaca by apertures at the 

 apices of conical papilla. 



In the adult female there is only one ovary, that of the left 

 side. In it the mature, or nearly mature eggs, form large pro- 

 minences. There is only one oviduct, the left, a convoluted 

 thick-walled tube, with a funnel-shaped membranous opening, 

 best seen by dissection under water. It opens posteriorly into 

 the cloaca. A little process from the right side of the cloaca 

 is the rudiment of the right oviduct. 



The cloaca is divided into three chambers, an anterior, a- 

 median, and a posterior. The former receives the rectum ; the 



