160 



LEPIDOPTERA. 



raised perpendicularly, so that tlieir backs touch each 

 other, and nothing is seen of them but 

 their under surface. Butterflies gene- 

 rally pass their pupa state without any 

 external protection, their chrysalis 

 being in most cases either suspended 

 loosely by the tail, hanging in a per- 

 pendicular position from a little button 

 of silk (Fig. 120), or having in addition 

 to this support a girdle of silk passing 

 round the body and fastened on each 

 KI<;. 120. PCPA OF VANESSA, side, by which the chrysalis is sup- 

 ported horizontally or obliquely. Thes* chrysalids are 

 generally ornamented with gold-coloured spots, from 

 which they receive their name ; moreover, they frequently 

 present externally spines and angular points, giving them 

 a very remarkable appearance. 



In the second section of Lepidopterous insects, 

 Crepuscular-la, are placed 



The Hawk-moths (Sphinx). These are furnished with a 



FIG. 121. UKKOKN HAWK-MOTH. 



stiff scaly spine, upon the outer border of their lower 



