RUMINANTS. 499 



cud. Secondly, they have incisor teeth only in the 

 lower jaw, generally eight in number. Thirdly, they 

 have on each foot two toes, enveloped in hoofs which 

 face each other by a flat side, so that they have the 

 appearance of a single hoof, split in two or cloven. 



The Kuminantia are large animals, without much 

 intelligence ; but which, nevertheless, render im- 

 mense service to man. They furnish him with nearly 

 all the meat that he eats ; their milk supplies excel- 

 lent food ; they possess a fat, named suet, which is 

 harder than that of other quadrupeds, and is applied 

 to many purposes in the arts and domestic economy. 

 Their skin, prepared by tanning, furnishes nearly all 

 the leather we use ; their horns, their blood, their 

 bones, even their intestines, which are manufactured 

 into strings, are all serviceable to us. When living, 

 many of them are employed as beasts of burden, 

 equally valuable in commerce and in agriculture. 



This Order may be divided into two sections. The 

 first comprises such Ruminants as are without horns ; 

 the second, Ruminants with horns, either in both 

 sexes, or in the male only. 



EUMINANTS WITHOUT HOKNS. 



Ruminants which are entirely without horns also 

 differ from other Ruminants in their teeth, and 

 somewhat resemble the Pachydermata. They are 

 the Camel and the Musk. 



The Camels (Camelus), comprehending Camels properly so called 

 and Llamas, differ from all other Kuminantia, in having only six 

 incisor teeth in the lower jaw. Their feet are not cloven, and have 

 very small hoofs ; the neck is very long, the limbs by no means 

 elegant in their proportions, and their upper lips swollen and cleft. 

 They are all remarkable for extreme gentleness and docility, and for 

 their patience in travelling under the weight of enormous burdens. 

 The usual load of a Camel is from six to eight hundred pounds, and 

 with this weight upon their backs, they will travel from forty to 

 fifty miles a day ; but the swift Camels or Dromedaries carrying 

 only a single man move with wonderful rapidity : these will traverse 

 for several successive days, from seventy to one hundred miles in the 

 twenty-four hours. This animal, emphatically described by the 

 Arabian epithet the Ship of the Desert, furnishes the only means of 



