HOESE MANURE AND FARM-YARD MANURE. 51 



Stockard gives the amount of urine voided by a horse in a year 

 at 3,000 Ibs. ; a cow, 8,000 Ibs. ; sheep, 380 Ibs. ; pig, 1,200 Ibs. 



Dr. Vcelcker, at the Royal Agricultural College, at Cirencester, 

 England, made some valuable investigations in regard to the com- 

 position of farm-yard manure, and the changes which take place 

 during fermentation. 



The manure was composed of horse, cow, and pig-dung, mixed 

 with the straw used for bedding in the stalls, pig-pens, sheds, etc. 



On the 3d of November, 1854, a sample of what Dr. Voelcker 

 calls " Fresh Long Dung," was taken from the " manure-pit " for 

 analysis. It had lain in the pit or heap about 14 days. 



The following is the result of the analysis : 



FRESH FARM- YARD MANURE. 



HALF A TON, OR 1,000 LBS. 



Water 661.7 Ibs. 



Organic matter 282.4 u 



Ash 55.9 " 



1,000.0 Ibs. 

 Nitrogen 6.43 " 



" Before you go any farther," said the Deacon, " let me under- 

 stand what these figures mean ? Do you mean that a ton of 

 manure contains only 12f Ibs. of nitrogen, and 111 Ibs. of ash, and 

 that all the rest is carbonaceous matter and water, of little or no 

 value"? "That is it precisely, Deacon," said I, "and further- 

 more, a large part of the ash has very little fertilizing value, as 

 will be seen from the following : 



DETAILED COMPOSITION OP THE ASH OF FRESH BARN-YARD MANUEE. 



Soluble silica 21.59 



Insoluble silicious matter (sand) 10.04 



Phosphate of lime 5.35 



Oxide of iron, alumina, with phosphate 8.47 



Containing phosphoric acid 3.18 



Lime 21.31 



Magnesia 2.76 



Potash 12.04 



Soda 1.30 



Chloride of sodium 0.54 



Sulphuric acid 1.49 



Carbonic acid and loss 15.11 



100.00 



Nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potash, are the most valuable in- 

 gredients in manure. It will be seen that a ton of fresh barn-yard 

 manure, of probably good average quality, contains: 



Nitrogen 12 J Ibs. 



Phosphoric acid 6i " 



Potash.. 13i " 



