DIFFERENT KINDS OF MANURE. 309 



but much poorer in nitrogen and potash than the urine from 

 horses, cows, sheep, and swine." 



" Some years ago," said the Deacon, " Mr. H. E. Hooker, of Roch- 

 ester, used to draw considerable quantities of urine from the city 

 to his farm. It would pay better to draw out the urine from farm 

 animals." 



" The figures given above," said I, " showing the composition of 

 human excrements, are from Prof. Wolff, and probably are gener- 

 ally correct. But, of course, the composition of the excrements 

 would vary greatly, according to the food." 



It has been ascertained by Lawes and Gilbert that the amount of 

 matter voided by an adult male in the course of a year is fseces, 

 95 Ibs.; urine, 1,049 Ibs.; total liquid and solid excrements in the 

 pure state, 1,144 Ibs. These contain : 



Dry substance faeces, 231 Ibs.; urine, 341 ; total, 5Si Ibs. 

 Mineral matter faeces, 2 Ibs.; urine, 12 ; total, 14s Ibs. 

 Carbon fasces, 10 Ibs.; urine, 12; total 22 Ibs. 

 Nitrogen faeces, 1.2 Ibs.; urine, 10.8; total, 12 Ibs. 

 Phosphoric acid faeces, 0.7 Ibs.; urine, 1.93 ; total, 2. 03 Ibs. 

 Potash faeces, 0.24 Ibs.; urine, 2.01; total, 2.25 Ibs. 



The amount of potash is given by Prof. E. Wolff, not by Lawes 

 and Gilbert. 



The mixed solid and liquid excrements, in the condition they 

 leave the body, contain about 95 per cent of water. It would re- 

 quire, therefore, 20 tons of fresh mixed excrements, to make one 

 ton of dry nightsoil, or the entire amount voided by a mixed family 

 of 43 persons in a year. 



One hundred Ibs. ot fresh faeces contain 75 Ibs. of water, and 25 

 Ibs. of dry substance. 



One hundred Ibs. of fresh urine contain 96| Ibs. of water, and 

 3| Ibs. of dry substance. 



One hundred Ibs. of the dry substance of the fa?ces contain 5 Ibs. 

 of nitrogen, and 5| Ibs. of phosphates. 



One hundred Ibs. of the dry substance of the urine contain 27 

 Ibs. of nitrogen, and lOf Ibs. of phosphates. 



These figures are from Lawes and Gilbert, and may be taken as 

 representing the composition of excrements from moderately well- 

 fed persons. 



According to Wolff, a ton of fresh human urine contains 12 IDS. 

 of nitrogen. According to Lawes and Gilbert, 18 Ibs. 



The liquid carted from the city by Mr. Hooker was from well-fed 

 adult males, and would doubtless be fully equal to the figures given 

 by Lawes and Gilbert. If we call the nitrogen worth 20 cents a lb., 



