APPENDIX. 337 



Average amount shipped via L. I. K. E. 60,000 tubs. 



Price of manure per tub delivered on cars or vessel. 80 cents. 



Average amount put on car. 40 tubs. 



STATISTICS OF Asn TRADE. Time when ashes are delivered. From 

 middle of June to middle of October. 



Places from which they are mostly shipped. Montreal, Belleville, and 

 Toronto (Canada). 



Method of transportation. Canal boats. 



Average load per boat. About 8,000 bushels. 



Average amount annually sold. 360,000 bushels. 



Average cost delivered to farmers. 20? cents per bushel. 



Per Acre, about. 



Amount used by farmers for potatoes GO tubs. 



" " ' k " " cabbage (late).... 50 " 

 " " " " corn 13 " 



Amount of guano used on Long Island, as represented by the books 

 of Chapman & Vauwyck, and their estimate of sales by other firms, 

 5,000 tons. 



The fertilizers used on the Island are bought almost exclusively by 

 market gardeners or farmers, who do a little market gardening, as it is 

 the general conviction that ordinary farm-crops will not give a compen- 

 sating return for their application. Most market gardeners keep so 

 little stock that the manure made on the place is very inconsiderable. 

 Our dairy farmers either compost home-made manures with that from 

 the city, spread it on the land for corn in the spring, or rot it separate, 

 to use in the fall for wheat, on land that has been cropped with oats the 

 same year. The manure put on for potatoes is generally estimated to 

 enrich the land sufficient for it to produce one crop of winter grain, and 

 from five to seven crops of grass, when it is again plowed and cultivated 

 in rotation with, first, corn, second, potatoes or oats, and is reseeded in 

 autumn of the same year. 



Fish and fish guano are largely used on land bordering the water, and 

 adjacent to the oil-works. The average price for guano in bulk at oil- 

 works is $12 per ton. The average price for fish en wharf is $1.50 per 

 thousand, and it is estimated that, as a general average, 6,000 fish make 

 a ton of guano. The fish, when applied to corn, are placed two at each 

 hill, and plowed under at any time after the corn is large enough to cul- 

 tivate. Seaweed is highly prized by all who use it, and it will produce 

 a good crop of corn when spread thickly on the land previous to plowing. 



Very respectfully, J. H. RUSHMORE. 



LETTER FROM JOHN E. BACKUS. 



NEWTOWN, Long Island, N. T., March 2nd, 1876. 



Mr. G. H. Rushmore: 



DEAR SIR. Some farmers and market-gardeners use more, and some 

 less, manure, according to crops to be raised. I use about 30 good two- 

 horse wagon-loads to the acre, to be applied in rows or broad-casted, as 

 best for certain crops. I prefer old horse-dung for mo^t all purposes. 



