50 NATURE TEACHING. 



unites the two branches. One of the branches 

 may now be severed from its parent tree at a 

 place between the root and the point of graft- 

 ing. The upper part of the branch so severed 

 will have to depend on the root of the other 

 tree for its support and thus becomes a part 

 of that tree, or, as it is usually expressed, is 

 grafted on to it. This method of grafting is 

 known as " grafting by approach" because the 

 two plants, each on its own roots, are brought 

 together. 



3. In other forms of grafting separate 

 pieces, called scions, of the tree which it is 

 desired to propagate, are fixed, with proper 

 precautions, to another tree of the same species, 

 known as the stock, properly prepared to receive 

 them. In all the methods the essential point 

 is that the cambium of the scion shall be 

 brought into contact with the cambium of the 

 stock ; any mode of cutting or shaping the 

 cut surfaces of the stock and scion which 

 enables this contact of the cambiums to be 

 secured may be adopted as a method of graft 

 ing and the methods are often named according 

 to the manner in which the scion and stock are 

 cut or shaped. The branch or stem which is to 

 serve as the stock is cut off at the place where 

 it is desired to insert the scion, and shaped 



