DISPERSAL OF SEEDS. 161 



or wild ipecacuanha, white-wood, stephanotis, 

 lettuce, cotton, French cotton (Calotropis), silk 

 cotton. 



3. Observe the ripo pods of the horse- 

 nicker in dry and wet weather ; make draw- 

 ings or diagrams. Under the same conditions 

 observe and draw ripe fruits of tobacco and 

 1 thistle.' Shake a plant of either of the latter 

 bearing ripe fruits and see how the seeds are 

 sprinkled about. 



4. Collect the various fruits and seeds 

 which adhere to the clothing, or to the coats 

 of animals. Note how they stick, that is to 

 say, what part of the flower it is which is 

 modified to serve as the clinging organ. En- 

 deavour to find the plants from which they 

 come, and, in the case of hooked and other 

 fruits, study the changes which take place 

 to bring the grappling apparatus into the 

 position in which it will prove effective. 



5. Examine the cocoa-nut, noticing its 

 tough fibrous protective coat, and the nut with 

 its hard shell. If living near the sea, collect 

 any fruits found on the beach and try and 

 make out whence they have come : whether 

 they are the fruits of trees growing on the 

 shore or have probably been brought from a 

 distance. 



