54 TIIK GERMINATION OF THE ENDOSPORE 



but gives rise to hone-shoe rhains (Fig. 26), which only separate into their 

 individual members when the spore membrane has become swollen and flaccid. 



I. < </ f f 3 



1 i<; 24. Bacillus suhtilis. 

 Spore -ermination. 



ripe spore : l>. placed in a nutrient solution, 

 tin- retract ion disappear* ; c enlargement 

 be-in- ; il. tlic equatorial fissure is formed 

 and tlie yotinir ;_;vrm begins to escape ; c. in 

 I lie upper ro\v the central portion of the 

 MI is just protruding, in the lo\ver vow 

 one pole is already freed ; /. the youngf rod 

 is at lil>orty : ;/. it L;I-O\VS to its normal si/.e : 

 //. reproduces by snlulivision. Kxtra IOIIL; 

 cells are seen at g and // in the lo\ver row. 

 (.(Hi i- I'l-ir.iiimrsl.-i.) Ma^ r n. 



Fir.. 25. Bacillus megatherium. 

 Spore germination. 



li v two dried ripe spores enclosed 

 by the walls of the mother-cell. 



1 1.,. the same spores after forty- 

 live minutes' immersion in a 

 nutrient solution. 



/. /. the spore contents have in- 

 vested themselves with a new 

 membrane and are escaping 

 from the old capsule. 



HI. two fnll-fjrown rods. 



(Art <T l>< AV//-//.) Magu. 600. 



In.. 26. Bacillus subtil is. 

 Impeded germination. 



I. Cells with ripe spore* can-in- 

 th*' mother-ci-11 walls to bnlue. 



iillien.-enient of >p,, r , 

 mination, cajisnle lissnred eqna- 

 torially. 



(rdinary nniinjiedi d e-cape of 

 the -< i rm. 



MI. -\\liat ini]HM|i-l. one 

 |)..!, tmilly liberatccl. 



b jM.les ,.' ,, ,-,.. 



main fixed : ^erm divides into 



t \\ i > e 



(At , M:l-II. 600. 



FIG. 27. Spirillum 



Spore -jermination. 



A, purely vegetative cells in brisk motion. 

 15, three spirilla with four to six spores, 



in the central cell beini; rijte. 

 1 1. mother-cell with ijerniinatinu- spores, from 



\\ hich jn-ocerd 

 I-'., branched forms, subsequently di-memb. ; d 



into sin-le cellH. 



C, moribund spirilla, one with three spi" 

 (Aft M : ^75. 



Tin- time'Jooeapied by Jla-iHnft a allHi* \\\ ^oMninalin^ is, according to 

 Pnnmowski, ^onorally 3-4 \ hours at 3O ~35 C., l>ut tV'(juont ly much longer. 



