88 MKTIIODS OF STKKIUSATION 



The three succeeding higher homologues of phenol, viz., the cresols, 

 C 6 H 4 .OH.CH V are also used in surgery. The so-called kreolin or creolin is a 

 mixture of soap with a tar-oil, containing a small quantity of phenols (cresol, Arc.) 

 .rg- amount of hydrocarbons. As the last are insoluble in water, a 

 milky emulsion is produced by pouring creolin into that liquid. Lysoland sapo- 

 carbol are mixtures of soap and tar-oils containing more phenols and a smaller 

 proportion of hydrocarbons than the substance last described; both these 

 mixture will dissolve in water without producing turbidity. The solubility of 

 tli.- nv.-ols in water i> slight: about i part per 100 aq., but can be increased 

 idrral.lv (as ascertained by Hueppe) by the presence of other substances. 

 Thus, when sodium cresotate is used, solveol is obtained. An alkaline aqueous 

 solution of sodium cresol will absorb a very large quantity of cresol, thereby 

 in<: solutol. liy adding to a 50-60 per cent, crude carbolic acid about 20 

 per cent, of its weight of mineral oil, a mixture known as saprol is obtained, 

 which is lighter than water and floats when applied to frccal matter. The 

 suitability of this preparation for the continuous disinfection and deodorisation 

 of the contents of cesspools and closets was tested by SCHKI i;u:\ (I. and II.). 

 tion of the foregoing seven antiseptics is only made here for the purpose of 

 stating their composition a> a matter of interest to the technical chemist. They 

 are, however, unimportant so far as fermentation industries are concerned. A 

 derivative of orthocresol, viz., salicylic acid, C 6 H r OH COOH,is still occasionally 

 1. e.g. for the preservation of jams, toai rest the formation of mould on wine, Arc. 

 inn- when 1 1 . Kolhe (who held the first patent for the manufacture of this sub- 

 <-e on a large scale) strongly recommended its employment has long gone by. 

 On the other hand, another derivative of cresol, viz., potassium orthodinitro- 

 1, C 6 H 2 .(N0 2 ),.CH 3 .OK, finds extensive employment, its explosibility being 

 entirely done away with by the use of a small addition of glycerin, soap, &c. 

 The red pasty mass thus obtained is put on the market, as a patented prepara- 

 tion, by the Bayer Farbenfabrik under the name of Antinonnin, this name 

 being given to it on account of its having been first used on a large scale in 

 practice in 1892, for the destruction of the " nonnen " (Monacha) larva? infest - 

 is of Bavaria and Wiirttemberg. This paste dissolves in water in 

 proportions up to 5 per cent., forming a clear solution, dark yellow in colour and 

 of a soapy smell, possessing no corrosive action and attacking neither metals 

 nor fabrics, but penetrating deeply into wood and other porous substances, and 

 remaining fixed therein without volatilising or imparting any odour to the 

 rial. Reports on the applicability of this antiseptic are unanimously in its 

 favour. Tn. Si i ri \I.K (1.), for example, has drawn up an exhaustive account 

 of it> usefulness in preserving wood employed for building pin-poses, and it 

 :eliable means for the annihilation of the dreaded dry rot in timber 

 nich. it may l.e casually remarked, a comprehensive monograph has 

 li.'.n written by I!. H.\I:II<; (I.)). To prevent the spreading of this fungus, all 

 ; work (and especially that forming the floor joists) is treated, by 

 dipping or brushing the end> to be imbedded in brickwork, with a .! percent. 

 DO) M'lul-on of aiitinonnin. Dipping is also recommended for preserving 

 railv i d wood block- tor paving. The latter are at present steeped 



in < der the streets malodorous in hot weather by the 



irs ihy evolve. Antinonnin will equally counteract putrescence without 

 ML' the T.-legraph post.-, fencing, hop-poles, and 



vine-pio; liy M-tting the butt, ends in a 0.5 to i per cent, aqueous 



solution of antinonnin for a day. \\herehy they will acquire great powers of 

 HIT. The packing for space- between ceilings, for which 



purpose building waste i.- generally employed, and which is so often the 

 -ground of pathogenic germs (particularly tetanus bacillus), should be 



