742 FOODS AND FOOD ADULTERANTS. 



high. No mineral colors could be fouud, although bright-colored and 

 suspicious looking samples were bought in preference. Carmine was 

 fouud in a sample of cinnamon drops, No. 8744. The acid drops, ex- 

 cept in the case of " Gibson's lime fruit drops." were soured with citric 

 acid. That sample contained a small amount of tartaric acid. The 

 gum drops contained no nitrogen and consequently no gelatine. 



Water in the hard samples was determined after powdering by dry- 

 ing in a platinum dish at 100 ; in soft samples by first mincing the 

 sample and then drying. 



The sucrose in the samples was determined from the inversion data, 

 using the factor 144. 



a-a' 

 = 144^ 

 2 



S= sucrose. 



=polarization of normal sugar weight in 200 mm tube before in- 

 version. 



a'= polarization of normal sugar weight in 220 mm tube after inver- 

 sion with 10 per cent by volume strong HC1. 

 t= temperature at which polarizations were made in degrees C. 

 Twenty of the samples contained glucose. 



Twelve of these contained notable quantities of starch or glucose. 

 No mineral coloring matters were found. 



SUMMMARY. 



Samples. 



Glucose 20 



Starch and gum 12 



GENERAL SUMMARY. 



Total number of samples examined 2f>0 



Contained glucose 173 



Contained starch and gum 72 



Contained organic colors 218 



Contained mineral colors 2 



Contained grease 4 14 



Contai ued copper 4 



Contained gelatine 2 



In so far as the coloring matter was examined, the following table 

 shows the character of the pigments used and the relative number of 

 times they respectively were fouud : 



Samples. ! Sampler. 



Cochineal 14 



Eosiu 12 



Corallin (5 



Bengal red 5 



Fluorescien 3 



Fluorescen t color . . 3 



Ultramarine 3 



Turmeric 2 



Methyl orange 2 



Coal-tar colors 2 



C;i rni in 2 



Cyanin 1 



Samples. 



Lamp hlack 1 



Victoria yellow 1 



Magenta 1 



Orange red 1 



Aniline brown 1 



Bismarck brown 1 



