SUGAR, MOLASSES, CONFECTIONS, AND HONEY. 



843 



SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF PARAFFIN. 



Accordiugto E. Sauerlaudt,t the specific gravity of paraffin varies between the limits 

 of 0.869 and 0.943. Ozokerite paraffin of 56C. crystallizing point has a specific gravity 

 of 0.912; that of 61C., one of 0.922; that of 67C., one of 0.927 ; thatof72C., one of 

 0.935 ; that of 76C, one of 0.939 ; that of 82C., one of 0.943. As the specific gravity 

 of paraffin of different solidifying points is different, ozokerite and the ceresin pre- 

 pared from it must also exhibit this characteristic. 



DETERMINATION OF CARNAUBA WAX. t 



E. Valenta has investigated the melting point of mixtures of carnauba wax with 

 stearic acid, mineral wax, and paraffin. He employed for this purpose samples hav- 

 ing the following fusing points : 



C. 



Carnanba wax 85. 



Stearic acid, commercial 58.5 



Mineral wax 72. 7 



Paraffin 60.1 



Mixtures were made having the following compositions and melting points : 



1 Average of five determinations. 



An addition of 5 per cent of carnauba wax raises the melting points of the other 

 bodies mentioned quite appreciably, though increasing additions do not give a pro- 

 portional increment. Mixtures made with it show greater luster and hardness than 

 those without it. The sample of carnauba wax employed was yellowish gray, brittle, 

 had a specific gravity of 0.9983 at 15 C., and left 0.43 per cent reddish ash, contain- 

 ing Fe 2 O 3 , Ali Os, CaO, K^O, SiO. 2 , and slight quantities of CO 2 . One grain required 

 for saponification 94.5 to 95.0 milligrams of potash; stearic acid required 197.0; 

 beeswax, 100.4 ; Japan wax, 122.0 ; paraffin and ceresin, none. 



ACETYL NUMBER IN WAXES. 



This method gives very good results in wax analyses. When a wax is saponified 

 and the soap decomposed with hydrochloric acid, a mixture of fatty acids and higher 



* Fres. Zeit. f. a. Cbem., 1884, 256. 

 tChem. Zeit. 7, 388. 



tFres. Zeit. f. a. Chern., 1884, 257; Zeit. f. landw. Gew. durch Pharm. Centralhalle, 

 24, 417. 

 Fres. Zeit. f. a. Chem., 1888, 528. 



