SUGAR, MOLASSES, CONFECTIONS, AND HONEY. 

 Trials with wax substitutes gave 



849 



1 Acid number varied from 15 to 24. 



2 Acid number varied from 2 to 7. 



E. Dieterick's investigations* confirm Hiibl's statement of the applicability of the 

 method. In filtered wax he found the specific gravity never below 0.962 and never 

 over 0.966. Unfiltered wax (130 samples) gave figures between 0.963 and 0.967. 



EXAMINATION OF WAX. t 



For the examination of beeswax the method of Hiibl, which is an evolution of 

 Keettstorfer's method for examination of butter, is recognized as the most convenient 

 and the best. 



From numerous experiments the acid number for pure yellow beeswax is found to 

 lie between 19 and 21, and the ether number between 73 and 76, and the saponifica- 

 tion equivalent between 92 and 97, and the ratio of the acid number and the ether 

 number is found to be 1 to 3.7. Lately, Buchner t has published a paper in which the 

 numbers given above do not seem to agree with those obtained for white, chemically 

 bleached wax. Buchner examined yellow and, as he says, undoubtedly pure white 

 wax bleached either in the sunlight or by chemical means. As the result of his re- 

 searches, he concludes that the chemically bleached wax shows a higher acid num- 

 ber, viz, 23.01, and a higher saponification equivalent, 98.36. There, however, may 

 be some doubt about the wax examined by Buchner being perfectly pure. In the Hel- 

 fenberger laboratory some researches were undertaken to determine this point. Two 

 kinds of yellow wax were taken, and they were decolorized, the one with bone black 

 and the other with permanganate of potash. 



Results of this examination are as follows : 



According to these numbers the specific gravity of the bleached wax is not higher, 

 as Allen affirms it is, but in three cases at least it was lower. It likewise appears that 

 the acid, ether, and saponification numbers are not raised in the bleached wax, bnt 



*Geschaftsber. der Papier uud chem. Fabrik in Helfenberg, 1884,13. 

 tDr. H. Rottger, Chem. Zeit., 1889, 1375. 

 * Chem. Zeit., 1888, p. 1276. 



