SUGAR, MOLASSES, CONFECTIONS, AND HONEY. 857 



As the saponificatiou numbers vary between 90 and. 97, neither the original v Hiibl 

 method nor this modification can certainly distinguish the addition of less than 6 per 

 cent of ceresin. This can, however, be done by the method of Buisine, which has 

 been thoroughly tried by Mangold. 



Additions of resin or stearic acid, can bo distinguished by the increased acid num- 

 ber. If R be the known average acid number of the adulterant, s the acid number 

 of the sample, the amount of addition can be obtained from the known formula, 



TT 100 (- 20) ... (5) 

 R 20 



using for commercial stearic acid E = 200, the per cent f added stearic acid is 



g __10(s-20) ... (6) 

 18 



Determination of fats. If s equals total acid number as obtanied by titration, 

 Sw the number 92.8 (taken as the average total acid number of pure wax), Sf, 

 the total acid number of the fats, and further, if A parts of wax give 1 grain of 

 " opened wax " and B parts of fat 1 gram of insoluble fatty acids, then approxi- 

 mately, 



8f-Sw~ 

 or more exactly 



w = lQO(8f-S)a , (g) 



(Sf S) a -j- (/S -Sw) 6 



For example, with tallow, / = 205, 6 = 1.05, and with wax Sw averaged 92.8 and 

 A = .9772, in consequence of which in a mixture of tallow and wax the latter can be 

 gotten from the equation, 



or more exactly 



w _ 100 ( 92.8) 

 112.2 



w _ 97.72 (205 8) 

 103.20 -f .073 



The difference between the formulas 9 and 10 amounts at the maximum to about 2 

 per cent. 



ANALYSIS OF BEESWAX.* 



An adulteration of beeswax with less than 6 per cent of paraffin can be detected 

 neither by Hiibl's method nor by the modification of it proposed by Benedikt and 

 myself, t for the reason that acid and. ether numbers and their ratio vary within wide 

 limits even with yellow wax. The detection of small amounts of paraffin is only 

 practicable by direct determination of the amount of hydrocarbons present in the wax. 

 A. and P. Buisine described some time since t a method for this purpose which has 

 appeared to me so important for the technical investigation of wax that I have sub- 

 jected it to a careful trial. C. Hell, $ and his pupils Sturcke || and Schwalb,1f deter- 



Karl Mangold, Chem. Zeit., 1891, 46, 799. 



tChem. Zeit., 1891, 15, 474. 



\ Bull. Soc. Chim., 1890, 3 Ser. 3, 567 ;' Chem. Zeit. Report, 1890, 14, 226. 



Lieb. Ann. Chem., 1884, 223 ; Chem. Zeit., 1884, 8, 859. 



|| Lieb. Ann. Chem., 1884, 223, 295; Chem. Zeit., 1884, 8, 860. 



If Lieb. Ann. Chom., 1886, 235, 106. 



