SUGAR, MOLASSES, CONFECTIONS, AND HONEY. 



859 



in which K represents the amount of hydrocarbons found, k the amount natural to 

 wax (13.50) and C the ceresin or paraffin. Using the average figure 13.50 the equa- 

 tion becomes 



100 K 1350 



B6.5 



A specimen of wax from Siebenbiirgen gave an acid number of 16.66, and a total 

 acid number of 72.68, being evidently adulterated with paraffin. Direct estimation 

 of the hydrocarbons gave 28. 12 per cent, which, calculated according to the second 

 formula, is equivalent to an addition of 17 per cent of ceresin. 



Some samples of white wax were also tried. Two were purely white and showed 

 normal numbers, being probably bleached in the natural ways. According to Rott- 

 ger, * Valeuta, t and Dieterich, t white wax should not differ from yellow if the 

 bleaching is not done chemically. "The two samples gave the following numbers : 



1 Bull. Soc. Chim., 1890, 3 set-., 465 ; Chem. Zeit. Repert, 1890, 14, 320. 



A. &. P. Buisiue also found somewhat lower per cents of hydi'ocarbous in white 

 waxes than in the yellow. 

 Two more white samples, probably chemically bleached and not perfectly pure, gave: 



ANALYSIS OF A MIXTURE OF WAX, 1'AKAFFIV, 8TKAIUX. AND STEAUIC ACID. 



(1) Determination of stearic acid. Introduce into a flask 3 or 4 grams of the 

 wax and 60 cc of 98 per cent alcohol and boil. Allow to cool and titrate with a 

 seminormal solution of alkali, using phenolphtalein as indicator. Wax is very 

 slightly soluble in cold alcohol and it is unnecessary to take into account its acidity. 

 7.8 cc of soininormal alkali equal 1 gram of commercial stearic acid. 



(2) Determination of paraffin. Add to the neutralized solution in the flask 3 or 4 

 cc of a 50 per cent solution of caustic soda. Attach a reflux condenser and heat the 

 solution for an hour to saponify the fats and waxes. Distil off the bulk of the 

 alcohol and transfer the residue to a capsule containing a mixture of dried silica and 

 short asbestos. Dry at 100. Pulverize and exhaust with warm chloroform (or pe- 

 troleum ether), which dissolves the whole of the paraffin and the myricyl alcohol of 

 the wax. 



For the separation of myricyl alcohol and paraffin, Horn has suggested acetyliza- 

 tion and the solution of the resultant ether in glacial acetic acid, in which paraffin 



* Chem. Zeit., 1889, 13, 1375. 



t Centr. Org. fur Waarenk u Technol., 1891, 112. 



t Helfenberger Ann., 1889, 21. 



IT F. Jean, Bull. Soc. Chim., 1891, p. 3. 



