864 FOODS AND FOOD ADULTERANTS. 



and that it is not subject to the serious objections that arise in using an interposed 

 textile fabric or paper. When these substances are used the bees spend most of their 

 time endeavoring to pull out the threads or particles of paper, or in cutting the 

 threads, as they can easily do. The indentations of a hexagonal shape for the cells 

 are made with the usual machinery. 



No. 234226, ISSUED NOVEMBER 9, 1880. 



By Andrew F. Bonham, of Seven Mile Ford, Va. This invention employs two 

 semimolds, made preferably of plaster of Paris, and provided upon their faces with 

 triangular pyramidal projections fitting together nicely, so as to produce the impres- 

 sions required. The molds are first soaked in water till they are thoroughly moist 

 and their faces arc then dipped in melted wax, which will adhere without sticking, 

 owing to the faces having been soaked. Next, the molds are closed together and some 

 pressure exerted, so as to form of the wax adhering to the mold a single sheet or cake. 

 After permitting these to cool for a short time the apparatus is dipped into cold water 

 and cautiously opened, when the foundation sheet may be readily removed and the 

 operation repeated. It is claimed that the foundation sheet produced in this manner 

 is stronger, more easily handled, and freer of defects than those made by other pro- 

 cesses. 



No. 246049, ISSUED AUGUST 23, 1881. 



By Frances A. Dunham, of De Pere, Wis. The material for the foundation, bees- 

 wax, is fed to the rolls of a machine, which is described, and of such a nature that, 

 after passing through, the result is a sheet of beeswax impressed with a series of 

 cells having cylindrical walls and three-sided or triangular bottoms, those on one side 

 breaking joints with the bottoms of the cells on the other, and the tops of the walls 

 of the cells lying in one and the same horizontal plane, at right angles to the sides of 

 the cells. By making the cells complete it is claimed that the time of the bees is 

 saved and they at once begin to secrete honey without taking up the time for forming 

 comb, as is usually the case. It is claimed that the base of the foundation requires 

 very little filling, as the queen will immediately deposit eggs, and that the work of 

 feeding the larvae and lengthening up the walls of the cells goes on together, without 

 interfering with the gathering of the main honey crop. It is also claimed that the 

 comb can bi finished without generating so great a heat in the hives that the bees 

 are forced into swarming. 



No. 258251, ISSUED MAY 23, 1882. 



By Wm. C. Pelham, of Maysville, Ky. This is a machine for manufacturing honey- 

 comb foundations. The dies are arranged as rolls upon a cylinder. The dies are 

 made of type metal, although any hard metal may be used. The dies are not set per- 

 pendicular, but slightly inclined, so that they may be more readily withdrawn from the 

 wax after the impressions are made. The dies are so arranged as to leave a portion 

 of the cell wall complete, at least one-tenth of an inch in height, and more if possible. 

 The cells made are of the regular hexagonal shape. 



No. 283442, ISSUED AUGUST 21; 1883. 



By E. Beverly Weed, of Detroit, Mich. The inventor claims that by a peculiar 

 construction and arrangement of die rolls he is able to make a comb foundation with 

 cells of any desired depth and in any state of perfection. His improvement in the 

 machine consists in constructing dies with uncut cell formers and in covering them 

 with a substance adhesive to water, which prevents the wax from sticking to the 

 dies. The substance used is dental rubber and the die rolls are so arranged as to 

 have both of them immersed in water. He claims that he can make comb foundation 

 with high walls and still have it discharge freely from the dies. 



