Vor.. Wilt. N< 



'•] 



POPTTLAPt SCIETTCE TTEWP!. 



15 



tapacitv is reduced one-half. Two hours in the 

 t'orcno'on and one hour in the afternoon, is as long 

 .1 time as children can he profitably employed in 

 school." 



Dr. Chancellor supports this view, snd advocates 

 eighteen hours a week as the limit for school child- 

 ren under twelve. Baginskev, author of a German 

 \vork on school hygiene, takes the same view, and 

 in demonstration of its efl'ectiveness it ).s alleged 

 that half-time pupils in the English schools learn as 

 much as the children who are in school the full 

 number of hours. — Hnll's .Journal of Health. 



♦♦» 



THE PHYSIOLOGICAL VALUE OF QL'AN- 

 TIVALENCE. 



In a recent number of the Comte.i Reiidus, J. 

 Blake gives the result of his investigations upon the 

 relation between the chemical quantivalence of the 

 elements and their action upon the vital processes. 

 The following sums up the facts obtained : 



.Moiiaiumic Klrments. — Action upon the pulmo- 

 nary arteries. 



Hiatoiiiic Elewetits. — .\ction upon the centres of 

 \omitingand upon the voluntary and cardiac mus- 

 cles. The only diatomic element which acts upon 

 other nerve-centres is glucinuni. an element which 

 in its oxygen compounds seems to occur in a triva- 

 lent form, a point upon which chemists are not 

 agreed. 



Triaiomif K/eweit/.^. — .\ction upon the respir;ito- 

 ly. vasomotor, and inhibitory centres, upon the 

 brain, the spinal marrow, the cardiac ganglia, and 

 the pulmonary arteries. 



The facts just mentioned -enabled us to establish 

 a link between the chemical constitution of the ele- 

 ments and their biological action, but we think that | 

 further investigation is necessary to prove that the | 

 results obtained are anything more than an acci- 

 dental coincidence. 



j into the diseased part and the healthy surrounding | He dwelt upon the importance of re-ognizing this 

 ''*'*'"^**- I act in chloroform narcosis and other forms of im- 



j The syringe should not be cleaned with carbolized pending death from apno-a. and recommended in 

 fluid before injecting, as the ozone is decomposed by such cases that the head of the patient should be 



I the acid. He also injects the solution into suspi- 1 .illowed to hang o\er the edge of the table, forcible 



cious or swollen lymphatic glands. When dilute 

 solutions are used the pain is slight and disappears 

 within half an hour. Locally some (edema and 

 slight redness are observed, especially if strong so- 

 lutions have been employed. These symptoms of 

 reaction persist a few hours or days, and may serve i 

 as a guide to their administration. The injections 

 should not. however, be suspended for more than j 

 two or three days. During the time the treatment 

 was used, the cancerous sores cleared up percepti- 

 bly, became smaller and cicatrized. The nodules 

 also became smaller and harder, so that the intro- 

 duction of the needle was ditticult. 



No ill results were observed from the injections 

 and suppuration never occurred. In degenerating 

 and suppurating cancers. Schmidt recommends pre- 

 vious curetting and applications of thernio-cauterv. 



This method of ozone injections is regarded as 

 especially indicated for recurrent cancers, and can- 

 cers which are not readily accessible to the knife. 



extension of the chin being employed to maintain 

 the opening of the wind-pipe. 



<»> 



I Specially roinpiled for The Popular .Science XrU'H. ] 



MONTHLY Sl'MMARY OK MEDICAL 

 PROGRESS. 



HV W. S. WELLS, .\1. 1). 



'I'liE treatment of cancer by Ozone water is rec- 

 ommended by Dr. J. Schmidt, of Bavaria. {Miin- 

 thiier .Med. Waeh.) 



He reports the case of an old man from whom, 

 ten years previously, he had extirpated a small can- 

 cer of the lower lip. The patient presented himself 

 again with an extensive cancerous growth in this 

 region, which required the removal of the lower lip 

 and considerable surrounding soft tissues. Again, 

 four months later, he returned with extensive re- 

 currence and marked cachexia. After several months 

 treatment with injections of Ozone water the tmnor 

 on the lower jaw had partly disappeared, and partly 

 been converted into a dense hard mass which was 

 firmly attached to the jaw. The ulcers had healed. 

 The right sublingual gland was very hard and firm, 

 which was attributed to a too early abandonment of 

 the treatment. 



The second patient, a man of 56. suffered from an ' 

 epithelioma at the inner angle of the right eye. of 

 many years duration. Injections of Ozone water 

 were employed during two months and effected a 

 perfect cure, the ulcer being replaced by cicatricial 

 tissue. 



Dr. Schmidt thinks the ozone destroys the can- 

 cerous masses without attacking the normal struct- 

 ures or the body at large. He employs it in the 

 strength of 50 milligrammes, or 2 decagranunes to 

 the litre of water, 



The injections of ozone water are made with a 

 Pravaz syringe. The number varies with the extent 

 of the cancerous area, ranging from one to forty 

 per day. They are made at difterent depths, both 



CoMBiNKi) local and geuL-ral .\naesiliesia is advo- 

 cated by Dr. Obalinski ( M'einer Wotli. Klin.) Pure 

 chloroform is given in the usual way of inhalation, 

 for from four to twelve minutes, the quantity of 

 chloroform used being from four to twelve grammes. 

 A quantity of from three to five centigrannnes of a 

 three to five per cent solution ol cocaine is then in- 

 jected into the place to be operated upon. 



There need be no fear of injecting e\ en a larger 

 quantity of cocaine, as chloroform, w hich is one of 

 the best antidotes of cocaine, is administered at the 

 same time, and also because a part of the cocaine is 

 removed by the operation. 



After the injection of cocaine. Prof Obalinski 

 does not use any more chloroform, unless the oper- 

 ation is a long one. and then only in small quanti- 

 ties and at long intervals of time. 



This method of mixed narcosis has been employed 

 satisfactorily in twenty-four cases, with the follow- 

 ing advantages : I. It combines the effects of gen- 

 eral, chloroform aniesthesia and the local aiuesthe- 

 sia from cocaine, j. Vomiting very rarely occurs 

 when the combined method is employed. 3. The 

 awakening from the narcosis is more easy, and the 

 after effects are less pronounced. 



At a recent meeting of the Clinical Society of 

 London, Mr. Ballance related the case of a woman 

 in whom symptoms of suppuration in the anterior 

 mediastinum manifested themselves. Examination 

 with a probe revealed the presence of pus. and the 

 sternum was trephined. 



It was then found that the suppuration was due 

 to caries of the posterior surface of the sternum. 

 The carious bone was removed, the cavity frequently 

 washed out \yith sublimate solution, and the patient 

 made a good recover\. 



Mr. Shield, during the discussion, stated that he 

 had seen pyiemic abscesses perforate the sternum. 



Dr. lienj. Howard read a paper at a late meeting! 

 of the London Clinical Society, on a new method 

 of raising the Epiglottis. He illustrated the epi- 

 glottis, fallen back over the laryngeal aperture, just 

 asapncea deepens into unconsciousness, and showed 



Hkllkiiorink, as a local anasthetic, is regarded 

 by Venturini and (ia.spairini as of more value than 

 cocaine in ocular therapeutics. (Bulletin Gen. de 

 Therap.) Their conclusions are that three or four 

 drops of a solution of helleborine, each drop con- 

 taining about the one hundredth of a grain, in- 

 stilled into the conjunctival sac, produces complete 

 ana-sthesia. without any irritation of the conjunctiva 

 or cornea. 



This an;csthctic effect, they state, lasts half an 

 hour or a little longer. The ana'sthetic etre<'t pro- 

 duced by helleborine leads to no variation in the in- 

 tra-ocular pressure. Italso. when injected subeuta- 

 neously. produces local anitsthetic effects, but as 

 this has a powerful action on the heart, it should be 

 avoided. 



It has been discoM-icd by l>r. Coiistantine Paul 

 that Saccharin has. besides its. sweetening proper- 

 ties, valuable antiseptic properties, and is especiallv 

 useful in diseases of the digestive passages. He 

 has seen patients suffering from diabetes who have 

 taken saccharin for several months without any dis- 

 turbance of the stomach. It is an antiseptic, and 

 one part to two hundred prevents anmioniacal fer- 

 mentation of m-ine. Dr. Little. President of the . 

 Royal Academy of Medicine in Ireland, adminis- 

 tered Saccharin to a patient aged 80. whose stomach 

 was too irritable to bear quinine and boric acid. 

 .\fter the use of six tabloids daily for three days, or 

 four, the amnion iacal urine of the patient became 

 inoffensive in odor. 



OxvciCN. in the Capillary Bronchitis of children, 

 is favorably reported upon by Dr. Sinainski {l.nii- 

 don Lancet.) 



Baths, emetics, and a variety of remedies had 

 failed and the child was gro\ying more cyanotic and 

 breathing with more difliculty. Three or four in- 

 spirations of oxygen produced a marked change, 

 the breathing becaming easier and the cyanosis dis- 

 appearing. The next day the child was better, and 

 tonics, expectorants and stimulants completed the 

 cure in four days. When there are signs that the 

 blood is not sufficiently oxygenated, Dr. S. recom- 

 mends the inhalation of oxygen as presenting the 

 most speedy means of obviating danger from this 

 som-ce and saving life. 



Nissn.\iM",s treatment of erysipelas. (Allyem. 

 Weiner Med. ZeHinuj comprises the application to 

 the parts of pomade of Lanoline and ichthyol equal 

 parts. The erysipelatous parts are then enveloped 

 in salicylated cotton. It is claimed that this rapidh 

 ameliorates all the morbid symptoms, and that it is 

 hardly ever necessary to continue the application 

 for more than three da vs. 



Dr. R. S.mnt j. I.' .\.\GLKV. (Semaine .\ted.) 

 claims that Biniodide of Mercury is an anti.septic 

 more powerful than carbolic acid, and is not irri- 

 tant to wounds. It has lu) odor, and an alcoholic 



that traction on the tongue is altogether without ef- solution.— i ; 3<x).— is soluble in all proportions in 



feet in raising the epiglottis. On the other hand, warm water. Lister's dressing is expensive and not 



as he showed by the aid of diagrams, extension of adapted for use in armies. Since i8Sv the Dr. has 



the neck and raising the chin produces direct trac- employed exclusively the biniodide with dressings of 



tion upon the epiglottis, and byraitinj; it. facilitates cotton and gauze, and in loS operations (32 major) 



the return of respiration. has had only one death. 



