€fft popular Science j^etos 



AND 



BOSTON JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY. 



Volume XXIII. 



BOSTON, JUNE, 1889. 



Number 6. 



CONTENTS. 



Familiar Science. — Recent Novelties in Pho- 



togr.-iphy 8i 



Evolution 82 



A Short Study in Geology 83 



Scientific Brevities 84 



Practical Chemistry and the Arts. — Mer- 

 cury 85 



Prevention of Magnetism in Watches ... 85 



Industrial Memoranda 86 



H«jME. Farm, and Garden. — The Domestic 



Water-Supply 87 



Our (irandinothers' Cooking 87 



The Forms of Leaves and Their Uses ... 88 



Gleanings . . . 88 



Editorial. — Vacation Work 89 



Answers to Puzzles 90 



Paris Letter 90 



Some North Carolina Butterflies .... 91 



Meteorology for April, 18S9 92 



Astronomical Phenomena for June .... 92 



Qiiestions and Answers 93 



Literary Notes 93 



Medicine and Pharmacy. — Hypnotism . . 93 



The Value of Sunshine 94 



John Bright's Medical and Sanitary Views . 94 



Milk, and Some of Its Products 94 



Monthly Summary of Medical Progress . . 95 



PiBLisHERs' Column €)6 



Banjiliar Scieijce. 



RECENT NOVELTIES IN PHOTOG- 

 RAPHY. 



Cakicatuhic photographs, like the one 

 represented in Fig. i, are made by combining 



Fig. I. 



two different pictures by a very simple pro- 

 cess. A negative is first taken of the sitter, so 



that the head shall be of the desired size. A 

 positive print is then made from it, and the 

 head carefully cut out with the scissors. For 

 the body, a second picture may be taken, of a 

 smaller size, or a more ludicrous effect may 

 often be obtained by cutting out a figure from 



Fig. i. 



a fashion-plate or engraving. In either case, 

 the head tind body must be carefully joined 

 together and pasted on a card. The j'unction 

 at the neck may be concealed, if necessary, as 

 in the illustration, by drawing a high collar of 

 a fancy pattern. From this "composite," 

 another negative is copied, in the usual way, 

 from which any desired number of prints 

 may be made, in which the illusion will be 

 very perfect and amusing. 



The tendency of sportsmen to relate re- 

 markable stories of their adventures and suc- 



cess is so well known, that tliey often experi- 

 ence difficulty in impressing their friends with 

 their veracity. Here the camera comes to 

 their aid, for, certainly, no one can hesitate to 

 believe even the most wonderful "fish-story," 

 when confirmed by photographic evidence. 

 Figs. 3 and 3 explain themselves, and show 

 how easy it is to add a few pounds to the 



weight of a trout, or transform an innocent 

 kitten or puppy into a frightful monster. All 

 that is ncccssarv is to use a camera with a 



Fig. 4. 



great depth of focus, and place the animal 

 much nearer to it than the sportsman. The 

 laws of optics will complete the deception, 

 and bestow upon him an undeserved reputa- 

 tion. 



A still simpler way to enlarge the apparent 

 size of an animal, or any other object, is to 

 photograph it alongside of a two-foot rule, or 

 a rod graduated int<j feet and inches. If the 

 scale is placed at some distance bcJiiiid the 



Fig- 5- 



object to be photographed, and a picture ol 

 both taken together, the size of the latter may 

 be magnified to any desired extent. Care 



