Vol. XXm. No. ir.] 



POPTTLAB SCIENCE I^EWS. 



169 



Cliinese, at the present time, burn imitation 

 money at their funerals, for the use of the 

 spirit of the deceased in the undiscovered 

 country. 



An entirely new form of flint implement 

 was also discovered, in the shape of hooks of 

 different sizes, from one to three and a half 

 inches in length, the smaller ones being 

 probably used as fish-hooks. On one of the 

 larger ones, as shown in the engraving, there 

 is a sort of shoulder, partly natural and partly 

 artificial, to which the suspending cord was 

 doubtless attached. The discovery of these 

 new forms adds considerably to our know- 

 ledge of the prehistoric inhabitants of Europe, 

 and leads us to hope that still other forms of 

 these implements await discovery. A few 

 pieces of coarse pottery were the only other 

 kind of human relics found here. 



M. Vire's original paper is published in 

 La Nature, from which we copy the 

 engraving. 



[Special Correspondence ot The Popular Science News.] 



THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 

 The Champ de Mars contains the greater part of 

 the exhibition. In one series of galleries are dis- 

 played ail the fine art works; in another, all that 

 concerns liberal arts — educational books, anthropo- 

 logical, medical, surgical implements and speci- 

 mens, government publications ot'ali sorts (historical 

 principally), an interesting history of labor, a curi- 

 ous exhibition concerning balloons, a history of all 

 known means of conveyance, etc. The foreign 

 exhibitions are, in part, in the palace, in part in 

 detached pavilions. The American, English, Italian, 

 Belgian, Grecian, and Swiss exhibitions are among 

 the first named ; Mexico, the Argentine Republic, 

 Guatemala, Paraguay, Uruguay, Chili, Bolivia, 

 Venezuela, Nicaragua, Brazil, Hawaii, and Siam 

 are located in pavilions, some of which are real 

 palaces. That of the Argentine Republic is a splen- 

 did one, as well as that of Mexico. Both are to be, 

 after the exhibition, dismounted and sent to their 

 respective countries. In the principal palace are to 

 be seen, with the art and liberal arts galleries, those 

 in which the different products of French industry 

 are exhibited. Behind these galleries are those in 

 which the railroad exhibition is located. It is a 

 ver^' fine one. Hard by is the immense galerie des 

 mcuhines. In it moves a world of human beings, 

 and thousands of engines and machines of every 

 description are at work. The Swiss engine exhibi- 

 tion is particularly good. Here M. Edison has a 

 part — the most important one — of his exhibition. 

 The people crowd to listen to the phonograph at all 

 times of day. The graphophone also receives many 

 attentions, although the exhibition is a much 

 smaller one, and M. Tainter cannot be dissatisfied 

 with the public. Many amusements are offered to 

 the visitors in the Champ de Mars. One cafe concert 

 plays all the afternoon and evening, and many are 

 those who stroll in for an hour, for rest and an easy 

 time, when tired of sight-seeing. Two or three 

 establishments display Egyptian dancers, and Span- 

 ish giianas, and are much visited. The reproduction 

 of part of a street in Cairo is also very attractive, 

 with the series of shops with genuine Egyptians in 

 them, selling genuine Egyptian wares of all sorts. 



From the Champ de Mars to the Esplanade du 

 Invalides there is a good twenty minutes' walk, and 

 all the sp.ice on the quay is also occupied by a part 

 of the exhibition. If we are tired, there is a narrow- 



gauge railway, which is very convenient, and starts 

 every five or six minutes to convey us to the Inval- 

 ides. The trip is a pleasant one, lasting some ten 

 or twelve minutes. The walls all the way are 

 covered with multi-colored advertisements, inform- 

 ing the public to beware of the trees — as the railway 

 runs between two rows of trees planted pretty near 

 each other. These advertisements are in all known 

 languages, — Russian, Hungarian, Persian, Dutch, 

 Arab, Sanscrit, Annamite, Chinese, Japanese, 

 Malagasay, and many others, even volapuk. The 

 first English advertisement ran rather incorrectly, 

 the passengers being instructed to take care of the 

 trees. This, however, has been altered to beware of 

 the trees. The trees are quite able and old enough 

 to take care of themselves. As we are not tired, we 

 will go by foot, and go through the interesting 

 agricultural exhibition, French and foreign. Here 

 the United-States, under Prof. C. V. Riley's super- 

 vision, has got up a very good exhibition. Prof. 

 Riley has been much appreciated here by the agri- 

 cultural authorities, and his exhibit is much praised 

 by all who are competent to judge. With the agri- 

 cultural exhibit is comprised that of the veterinary 

 schools. The best one is that of the School of 

 Lyons, where M. Chauveau, the leading physiolo- 

 gist, has also exhibited part of his physiological 

 apparatus. Among these is a recording cylinder, 

 with time record, with which one may easily appre- 

 ciate intervals of time as small as i-i5,oooth ol a 

 second ! 



The Australian agricultural exhibit is much ad- 

 mired, as well as the department of agricultural 

 machines. We now arrive on the Esplanade des 

 Invalides. Three principal exhibits are to be visited 

 here — the hygienic, the war, and the colonial de- 

 partments. The war exhibition consists of a 

 splendid building, very well designed and gotten 

 up, in which a magnificent array of deadly weapons 

 of all ages, sorts, and forms is displayed. It is two 

 stories high, and in the upper one are to be seen all 

 sorts of objects concerning the war history of 

 France, past and present. In the exhibition con- 

 cerning hygiene and public assistance, we meet all 

 the most recent sanitary contrivances, and a very 

 interesting show of the principal societies whose 

 object it is to come in aid to the poor and to all suf- 

 ferers generally considered. A curious part is that 

 in which have been brought together any amount of 

 models of ancient infantile dresses, beds, etc. The 

 exhibition of the societies who undertake during 

 war-time to take care of the wounded, is a very good 

 one. The models of temporary hospitals, of extem- 

 pore railway wagons for the wounded, show that a 

 great deal is being done in this line, and that 

 everything will be quite ready for the future 

 war, from the very first day. A whole corps of 

 trained nurses, male and female, of experienced 

 surgeons and physicians, is ready in most of the 

 important towns of France, and will set to work on 

 the battle-field as soon as the battle is over. There 

 are also good models of barracks for the separation 

 of contagious diseases, and it is easily seen that ip 

 all hospital matters the precautions are taken 

 against infection from external germs. Close to 

 the hygienic exhibition is that of mineral waters. 

 A whole half of the Esplanade des Invalides is 

 devoted to the exhibition of the French colonies. 

 It consists of a numerous series of buildings, built 

 in colonial style. First we have an elegant Algerian 

 palace, built with great taste, in the style of old 

 genuine Algerian dwellings, containing the Algerian 

 exhibition. The interior court is exquisite, and the 

 ornainents, — inside and outside, — carpets, furniture, 

 etc., are very pleasing to the eye. Next comes the 

 Tunisian palace, — very pretty also. A pavilion is 

 devoted to the exhibition of Tunisian forestry. 



Close by is a Tunisian bazaar, with any amount of 

 Tunisian and Algerian men and women, — even 

 children, — in their national dress. Algerian cafes 

 and dancing houses, and aissaouas (religious fanat- 

 ics), are numerous. Now come the palaces of 

 Annam and Tonking, both very well put up also. 

 A small Tonking village has been built close by. 

 In the houses, or huts, genuine Annamites are at 

 work with their customary implements, wood- 

 carving, embroidering, painting, etc. Each palace 

 is guarded by armed Annamites or Tonkingese in 

 French colonial uniforms. Then comes the Palais 

 des Colonies, a large, fine building, in which are the 

 exhibitions of Reunion, French India, Senegal, 

 Galeon, Congo, Nossi-Be, Mayotte, Madagascar, 

 Guiana, Martinique, Guadeloupe, New Caledonia, 

 etc. A New Caledonian village and a Galeon vil- 

 lage are close by, in which natives live, and work at 

 their customary tasks in their every day dress. The 

 Esplanade des Invalides is therefore full of natives 

 from all parts of the world, from most of the French 

 colonies, and these natives in their national array 

 present a very curious and interesting sight. They 

 number over seven hundred, and when one paces 

 the exhibition he feels as if he was transplanted to 

 some distant and queer land, where both extremes 

 of civilization meet and pass by. Such languages, 

 so different and so numerous, Paris has never heard 

 before. The visitors are very abundant here, and 

 the novelty of the sights — among which is a the- 

 atrical representation by Annamite players — is 

 certainly very pleasing to all. 



The general feeling among foreigners is that no 

 such exhibition has yet taken place; none can be 

 compared to it. I know not what France will do in 

 1900, the date of the next exhibition, but French- 

 men are confident that she will do better yet. 



H. 



Paris, Sept. 22, 1889. 



4»» 



[Specially Observed for The Popular Science A'eim.] 

 METEOROLOGY FOR SEPTEMBER, 1S89. 



TEMPERATURE. 



The lowest point reached by the mercury the past 

 month was 43°, on the morning of the 29th. The 

 22d was the coolest day, with an average of 49.66. 

 The 27th, 28th, and 29th averaged only 51.77, being 

 of nearly equal temperature. The highest point 

 reached at the hours of observation was 81"^, on the 

 6th, which was also the warmest day, with an aver- 

 age of 74.33. The 17th was nearly as warm, at 74°. 

 The first week in the month was peculiarly warm 

 and fair, with an average of 68.57'^. The entire 

 month was 1.38'^ above the average of the last nine- 

 teen Septembers, six of which have been warmer 

 than the present. 



SKY. 



The face of the sky, in 90 observations, gave 37 

 fair, 15 cloudy, 28 overcast, and 10 rainy, — a percent- 

 age of only 41. 1 fair, each aspect having precisely 

 the same figures as the September of last year. The 

 average fair the last nineteen Septembers has been 

 58.3 per cent., with extremes of 35.5 in 1882 (the 

 only instance lower than the present), and 77.7 in 

 1876. The mornings of the 2d and 30th were foggy. 

 The 27th to 29th were fine autumnal days. 



PRECIPITATION. 



The amount of rainfall the last month was 4.45 

 inches, while the average of the last twenty-one 



