100 BAILS AND COOT. 



generally distributed species being our Sora or Carolina 

 Hail, so well known to sportsmen. This bird passes 

 Sora us in the spring in April and nests from 



Porzana Carolina. Massachusetts northward. It returns 

 in August and lingers in our wild-rice 

 marshes until October. During the nesting season it 

 has two calls a whistled, ker-wee, and a high, rolling 

 whinny. In the fall it utters a Icuk or peep when dis- 

 turbed. 



There is no sexual difference in color in this species, 

 but birds of the year lack the black about the base of 

 the bill and on the throat, and have the breast washed 

 with cinnamon. 



Our other species of Rail are the King, Yellow, and 

 Little Black Rail, all of which are rare ; the Virginia Rail, 



Clapper Bail which is more common, and the Clap- 

 Raiius crepitans. per Rail or Marsh Hen, an abundant 



Plate viii. species in some of the salt marshes 

 along our coasts from Long Island southward. It is a 

 noisy bird with a peculiar cackling call which it utters 

 in a way that suggests the sound produced by some auto- 

 matic toys. 



Its nest is made of dried grasses, the surrounding 

 marsh grass being slightly arched over it. Eight to 

 twelve buffy, speckled eggs are laid, a number which, 

 in connection with the abundance of the bird, has led to 

 the persistent robbing of its nests by men who sell the 

 eggs for food. As a result of this practice the birds 

 have greatly decreased in numbers during recent years. 



The Coot, Mud-hen, or Crow-duck differs from the 



Rails in having lobed toes (see Fig. 12) and in being 



American Coot ni ore aquatic. In fact, it is more like 



Fulica americana. a Duck in habits than like a Rail, but 



Plate viii. itg p i n ted, white-tipped bill will pre- 

 vent its being mistaken for one. 



