19G SNOWFLAKE AND CROSSBILL. 



With the Tree Sparrows and Juncos, Redpolls feed on 

 the seeds of plants left uncovered by the snow, and they 

 also include birch buds in their fare. 



None of our winter birds better illustrate the nock- 

 ing habit than the Snowflakes, Snow Buntings, or, as they 



Snowflake, are a ^ so called, White Snowbirds. With 

 Piectrophenax nivalis. a uniformity of movement which would 

 Plate L. p u t f. o gname the evolutions of the best- 



drilled troops, they whirl over the snow-clad fields, wheel- 

 ing to right or left, as though governed by a single 

 impulse. Suddenly they swing downward into a weedy 

 field, alighting on the snow or ground, where they run 

 not hop about like little beach birds. Sometimes, it is 

 said, they sing on the wing while with us, but their usual 

 note is a low chirp. They are terrestrial birds, and, al- 

 though they may often perch on fences or buildings, are 

 rarely seen in trees. 



Snowflakes nest within the Arctic Circle, and, like 

 other of our winter birds that come from the far North, 

 are irregular in their movements. As a rule they do not 

 wander much south of Long Island and northern Illinois, 

 but occasionally they go as far as Virginia and Kansas, 

 and are thus among the possibilities which add so much 

 to the pleasure of winter days in the field. 



The Crossbill is a possibility at any season. None of 

 our birds is more erratic in its migrations. As a rule, it 



is found in the Middle States only be- 



American Crossbill, . - r *? * -r 



Loxia curmrostra tween November and March, but I 



minor, have seen it in Central Park, New 



York city, as late as May. In the 



higher parts of the Alleghanies and in northern New 



England it is resident throughout the year. Crossbills 



usually wander as far south each winter as Connecticut, 



but beyond this are of irregular occurrence. 



They feed almost entirely upon the seeds of pines, and 



