A COMMERCIAL POINT OF VIEW. 77 



WHY EGGS SHOULD BE PACKED WITH THE SMALL 

 END UPWARDS. 



This advice is so opposed to all published directions on 

 the subject, that I feel bound to give my reason for it. 

 Most persons will have observed that when an egg is 

 boiled a vacuum is observed at the round end, which is 

 more or less extensive according to the age of the egg ; 

 now, this is on that part of the egg where the shell is 

 most porous, and where the air is admitted most freely. 

 This air chamber is of the utmost importance to the 

 chicken whilst hatching, as it serves to equalize the 

 supply of the necessary air under the variations of the 

 outer temperature ; and it will be found that the chamber 

 gets enlarged as the hatching proceeds ; therefore, when 

 eggs are packed with the small end upwards, the liquid 

 presses on the most porous part of the shell ; conse- 

 quently, for the air to penetrate the egg, it would have 

 to lift the weight of the fluid. 



WARMING POULTRY HOMES. 



On this subject I have had many inquiries. I will 

 therefore endeavor to give my reasons why I prefer hot- 

 water pipes fixed immediately under the roosting-perches. 

 Where stoves or open fireplaces are used, the heat is con- 

 centrated ; therefore the cold air rushes from all parts to 

 that particular spot, which cold draughts are most inju- 

 rious to the health of not only poultry but all animal life ; 

 in fact, these cold draughts are the cause of most diseases 



