II. Stage. The Neandertal race 1 Middiluvial, up to the 

 (homo neandertalensis) : j last middle ice period 



ree . 



des Magdalenien): 



V. Stage. Man of the present \ p 



time. The now living- European : j 



For comparison : the present race of people standing- 

 on the lowest degree of culture (Australians). They still 

 show a few characteristics of the Neandertaliens (recediag 

 forehead, prominent jaw), in other ways they have further 

 developed themselves. 



3Vo. 14. Lake-dwellings, after Dr. Ferd. Keller. 



The objects that have been discovered take us back to 

 an epoch, when the climate became gradually mild and 

 pleasant as it is now-a-days. Our plants, corn, and 

 fruit-trees spring up, whilst the reindeer, mammouth, 

 rhinoceros vanish. After the men of the caves, belonging 

 to the hunting period, come the inhabitants of the huts 

 who cultivate the land. 



The men of those remote times did not, however, 

 live like those of the present time. Their habitations 

 were mostly constructed above the water, on the lakes. 

 These are the lake-dwellings and give their name to the 

 whole time previous to the age of civilisation. Those 

 lake-dwellings have not been known to us very long. 

 It was while digging, at low water, in the lake of Zurich 

 in the winter 18531854, that unexpected light was 

 thrown on the science of these dwellings. In two different 

 places at Obermeilen, to the great astonishment of the 

 workmen, there appeared the tops of stakes and a great 

 number of stag-horns (of Cervus elephas) and of various 

 tools in stone, horn &c. Dr. Ferd. Keller of Zurich who 

 has been, for the last twenty years, making researches, 

 and studying the prehistorical time with the help of 

 antiquities, went to Meilen, and at once felt convinced 

 that the discovered objects were the work of that people 

 who had lived in the country centuries before the be- 

 ginning of our era, and even before "the time of the 



14 



