Cast of a skeleton from the diluvian times. The 

 original is .to be found in the Palaeozoic Museum at 

 Berlin. (According to Penck's latest researches, the dilu- 

 vian epoch can be reckoned to have begun about 500,000 

 years ago.) This skeleton, the Homo Mousteriensis 

 Hauseri, was discovered in the presence of Hauser, 

 professor Klaatsch and a few other German scholars 

 in the summer of 1908, near Le Moustier, in the 

 Vezere valley, Dordogne. It looks as if it had been 

 regularly buried, a fact unknown, up to this discovery, 

 among the primitive people of the Palaeolithikum. It 

 lay in a sleeping posture, its head with the right 

 cheek resting on its right arm, whilst the left lay 

 stretched alongside. The elbow and head were resting 

 on a heap of small flints, arranged so as to form a 

 kind of pillow. Near it, were found a finely-worked 

 wedge (Faust-Keil) almond-shape, of the "Acheul" 

 type, and a kind of round-scraper (Rundschaber) of 

 the "Moustier" type. There were also, scattered about, 

 the remains of some half-calcined bones of animals, so 

 of the "Box primigenius". This skeleton can be, with 

 some certainty, considered to be that of a young man, 

 about 16 18 years of age, measuring about 5 feet 

 in length. It bears all the characteristics of the 

 "Neandertal*" race, the very clumsy long bones, the 

 strongly curved radii, such as are never to be found 

 among the modern human races. The skull is very 

 characteristic too, with its huge orbits, its flat forehead 

 and the snout formation of its jaws. To this be added 

 the strongly protruding frontal bone, typical of all the 

 skulls of the "Neandertal" race. These men must 

 hare been excellent hunters and keen observers. 



Kesslerloch and Schweizersbild were held, till lately, 



to be the most ancient prehistoric places of culture of 

 Switzerland. They belong to the period of the reindeer 

 and mammoth hunter (Magdalenien). In the caves of the 

 Wildkjrchli in the mountains of Santis (1477 m above 

 sea-level), were found the proofs of a still more ancient 

 human settlement. Beside an enormous quantity of re- 

 inains of the cavern bear (Ursus spelaeus), that had 



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