48 Gleanings in Old Garden Literature. 



times for professional and sometimes for 

 scholastic purposes. Many of these are 

 incidental or fragmentary; but they tend to 

 impress one with a somewhat more favour- 

 able notion of the conversance with such 

 matters than Turner entertained ; and, by the 

 way, the same may be said of the general 

 knowledge of medicine which, let us recol- 

 lect, has not even yet quite lost its old 

 empirical taint. 



The early English apothecary laboured 

 under the disadvantage of a very defective 

 training, and of the absence of adequate 

 literary lights and helps. The education 

 which he received was necessarily of the 

 most rudimentary character, and the old 

 Latin and French companions to the Phar- 

 macopoeia were a tissue of ignorance and 

 absurdity. It was only by such men as 

 Turner, who thought and worked for them- 

 selves, and broke away from the trammels of 

 prejudice and usage, that the medical art was 

 gradually enfranchised and advanced. 



In the reign of James I., and perhaps 

 even earlier, Edward Lord Zouch, of whom 



