56 Gleanings in Old Garden Literature 



was not peculiar to Wales ; it was the 

 favourite table vegetable, and the onion 

 (ynne-leac = inula of Johannes de Garlandia) 

 and garlic (gar-leac, perhaps the Latin 

 gerum) were so designated, because they 

 were taken to be varieties of it. Many 

 kinds of flowers, which form at present 

 part of the ornamental enclosure, were 

 considered to belong more properly to 

 the kitchen department: the sunflower, the 

 violet, the marigold, the gillyflower, the 

 honeysuckle, the perriwinkle, the peony, 

 and the bay-tree; in addition to which the 

 Saxon had his apple-yard or garth, where 

 he grew the trees to make what he called 

 apple- wine our cyder. Wright has pointed 

 out that the trees and plants which were 

 known to the Saxons, are, as a rule, dis- 

 tinguishable from those which were subse- 

 quently imported by the Normans and others 

 by the names, as in the case of the pear, 

 the cherry, the pea, the turnip, the radish, 

 the cole wort, the cabbage, and many herbs, 

 as parsley, mint, rue, and sage. 



The picture which Alexander Neckam 



