The Tool-house. i 5 3 



One or two of the plates to the French Gar- 

 dener (1675) exhibit the systems of walled 

 enclosures and parterres, which still survive 

 in many places, and the walls are trellised 

 for fruit-trees or vines. But the art of nail- 

 ing up the branches with shreds appears to 

 have found its way among the horticulturists 

 in the succeeding century. 



The bygone gardener had at first a very 

 narrow assortment of tools. The vocabula- 

 ries mention, so far as I can see, only an 

 axe, a grafting-knife, a spade, and a pruning- 

 hook. 



But later onward in the Tudor time he 

 was much better provided, or at all events 

 our information as to his implements grows 

 ampler. We hear of a barrow, a mattock, a 

 spade, a shovel, a short and a long rake, and 

 two kinds of fork, one called in the vocabu- 

 laries a/2/raz, the other a merga. 



But the conduct of horticultural opera- 

 tions, however imperfect according to modern 

 ideas, involved the employment of many 

 other appliances, which at once suggest 

 themselves to the mind, and of which 



