MUSCLES 207 



of one animal, like the Rosetta stone that set Champollion at work, 

 where a very simple hieroglyph is recorded. I have been able to 

 find no other in all the hairy mammals I have examined than that 

 startling pattern which the back of the lion, shown in Fig. 37, 

 sometimes displays. That well -formed patch of reversed hair of 

 roughly triangular shape which is frequently found on the back of 

 a lion has been described and, as I interpret this strange structure, 

 it would seem clear that neural change in some examples of this 

 species has led to so persistent contraction of the arrectores pilorum 

 over a certain area of skin, and that these have permanently reversed 

 the normal and primitive slope of the hair. I have never found it 

 present in a lioness, and not in all cases of male lions. It marks 

 its possessor with the brand of a fierce and especially savage 

 character, and he is not able to screen it from the eye of the Zoologist 

 as well as Milady did her brand of shame, until that fatal day 

 when D'Artagnan disclosed it. This pattern on a lion's back is 

 strangely reminiscent of the ridge of bristling hair we see on the 

 corresponding region of a fierce dog's back when he is infuriated. 

 In the latter it may be said to have selective value, as perhaps also 

 is the bristling hair on the head of a gorilla when enraged, much in 

 the same way as the Chinese warriors sought to alarm their enemies 

 by terrifying grimaces, or those terrifying tones and expressions of 

 face which the Tyrant man, really a coward, is said by such as 

 Miss Wisk to exercise over the women of his circle. We may present 

 all these to the Pan-Selectionist, but inasmuch as the short, bristling 

 hairs on the back of a lion are on the one hand hidden by the mane 

 from an animal in front, and on the other are so small as to be seen 

 quite close if at all, the survival-value of the reversed pattern of 

 hair in question is quite outside the province of selection. It is so 

 manifestly under the control of cerebral action, that it may be 

 compared, as an undesigned experiment, with that of man in 

 placing harness upon a horse, as to the power of cerebral action in 

 producing structure. Though, as far as I can learn, it stands alone, 

 it is difficult to believe that such a thing as a unique example occurs 

 in nature, but it is interesting and suggestive from the Lamarckian 

 point of view, and even the opposing counsel must admit that it is 

 among indifferent structures. 



Facial Muscles of Expression. 



This record in terms of hair of personal and ancestral emotions 

 has, however, a link with certain more numerous and important 

 striated muscles, such as the facial muscles of man and apes, 

 modifications of the great platysma-sheet, and which are disposed 



