268 INSECT ARTIZANS AND THEIR WORK 



The thighs are greatly expanded, and on their 

 inner face, near to the base, three are peg-like 

 projections. Although there are no wings, there 

 are incipient wing-covers, and these in the male 

 are strongly grooved and ridged, whilst below them, 

 on the first segment of the hind body and partly 

 overlapping the second, there is a swollen plate 

 with two or three strong and hard folds. Just 

 behind it, on the second segment, is a prominent 

 area whose surface is marked by very fine raised 

 lines. Both sexes have these arrangements, but 

 in the male they are more highly developed than 

 in the female. The thigh is rubbed over these 

 sculptured plates, and the action results in a loud 

 note. It is believed that the male can produce 

 two distinct notes, one agreeing with that of the 

 female, and one peculiar to its own sex. 



It is a very sedentary creature, and its colouring 

 makes it appear like a clod of earth. When molested 

 it does not rely upon its feeble powers of loco- 

 motion for escape, but upon its capacity for making 

 a noise which will alarm its enemy. 



The long-horned Green Grasshoppers of the 

 family Locustidae — which, it must be again pointed 

 out, contains no Locusts — produce their music 

 by means of the wing-covers alone ; and as these 

 only slightly overlap at their bases, the production 

 of a considerable volume of sound seems at first 

 sight not very probable. Yet any one who has 

 heard one of these insects giving expression to its 

 joy, as we may fairly consider it, must admit that 



