106 THE HAUNTS OF LIFE 



ment for studying the physical conditions of 

 the great depths, and obtaining specimens of 

 the animals that inhabit them. 



THE " CHALLENGER " EXPEDITION 



The first great expedition was that of the 

 Challenger (1872-76), which may be called a 

 Columbus voyage, since it practically discov- 

 ered a New World the world of the Deep 

 Sea. During three and a half years the Chal- 

 lenger circumnavigated the globe, cruising 

 over 68,900 nautical miles. The naturalist in 

 charge was Sir Wyville Thomson, and the staff 

 included Mr. John Murray (the late Sir John 

 Murray) and Mr. J. Y. Buchanan. Reaching 

 down with the long arm of the dredge, the ex- 

 plorers raised treasures from over 300 stations. 

 The results of this great expedition were pub- 

 lished under Sir John Murray's editorship in 

 fifty quarto volumes. These form the firm foun- 

 dations of oceanography the science of the sea. 



It was at first expected that many of the 

 deep-sea animals would be quite different from 

 those living in shallower waters, and would re- 

 semble older types now known only as fossils, 

 but with few exceptions this did not prove to 



