208 THE COMPLETE ANGLER. PART I. 



has not leisure to search after, and, if he had, is not capa- 

 ble of learning. 1 



I'll tell you, scholar; several countries have several 

 kinds of cadises, that indeed differ as much as dogs do; 

 that is to say, as much as a very cur and a greyhound 

 do. These be usually bred in the very little rills, or 

 ditches, that run into bigger rivers; and, I think, a more 

 proper bait for those very rivers than any other. I know 

 not how, or of what, this cadis receives life, or what 



(1) " The several sorts of phrygance, or cadews, in their rtympha or mag- 

 got ttate, thus boas* themselves ; ant sort in straws, called from thence straw- 

 worms; others, in two or more sticks laid parallel to ooe another, creeping at 

 the bottom of brooks ; others with a small bundle of pieces of rushes, duck- 

 weed, sticks, &c. glued together ; wherewith they float on the top, and can row 

 Ifeemaeives therein about the waters with the help of their feet : both these are 

 called cad- bait. Divtra torts there are, which the Reader may see a summary 

 of from Mr. Willoughby. in Raii Method. Irurct. p. 12, together with a good, 

 thoMfh very brief, description of the papilionaceous fly that comes from the cad- 

 bait cdew. It is a notable architectonic faculty, which all the variety of these 

 animals have, t gather ntch bod it* at are Jittot for their purpose, and then 

 to glut them together; son* to be heavier tb*u waten, that the animal may 

 remain at bottom, where its food is; (for which purpose they use stones, toge- 

 ther with sticks, rushes, Ike.) and some to be lighter than water, to float on the 

 Up, and gather its food from thence. These little houses look coarse, and shew 

 BO great artifice outwardly ; but are well tunnelled, and made within with a 

 hard tough paste, into which the hind part of the maggot in so fixed, that it can 

 draw its cell after it any where, without danger of leaving it behind; as also 

 thrust out its body to reach what it wanteth, or withdraw it into ils cell to guard 

 it against harms.* Phys. Theol. 2J*. 



Thus much of cadis in general, as an illustration of what our author has said 

 on that subject. Bat to be more particular : 



That which Walton calls the piper-cadis 1 have never seeu; but a very learned 

 and ingenious friend of nine, who has for fifty years past been an angler, and 

 a carious observer of aquatic productions, has furnished me with an Account 

 of that insect; which I shall give the reader in nearly his own words: 



" The piper -cadit I take to be the largest of the tribe, and that it takes its 

 name not from any sound, but figure. I never met with it bat in rivers ruuning 

 poo beds of lime-stone or large pebbles; they are common in Northern and 

 Welch streams. The cadew itself is about an inch loog, aad in some above. The 

 cote is straight and rough ; the outward surface covered with gravel or sand; 

 the fistula, or pipe, in which it is contained, seems to be a small stick, of which 

 the pith was quite decayed, before the insect, in its state immediately succeed- 

 ing the agg, lodged itself. Advanced to an aurclia, which is generally ia 

 April, or the beginning of May, it leaves it) case and last covering, a sort of 

 thia skia resembling a fish's bladder, (aad this is likewise the method of the 

 whole genus, as far as I could ever observe,) and immediately paddles upon 

 she top of the water with its many legs. It seldom flies, though it has four 

 wings ; aad of these wings it is to be observed, that in ths infant state of the 

 insect, vis. for a week or longer, they are shorter than the body, bet afterwards 



