314 INSECTS AND OTHER SMALL ANIMALS 



codling moth if given just as they hatch. To accomplish 

 this the trees should be thoroughly sprayed just as the 

 petals are falling. A second spraying should be given 

 just as the calyx commences to wither, and ten or 

 twelve days later a third spraying. Careful orchardists 

 spray their trees frequently, not to rid their trees of 

 this and other harmful insects that infest them, but 

 to keep them out entirely. An early spring spraying 

 in addition to those described will usually maintain 

 orchards free from moths. All windfalls should be 

 gathered daily, and fed to hogs or other stock so that 

 the worms may not be allowed to develop into moths. 



The Cotton Moth. This moth in the caterpillar form 

 is called the " army worm," because of the large 

 numbers that march together to devastate a field of 

 cotton. The eggs are laid on the leaves of the cotton 

 plant. When hatched into a caterpillar, it will, if un- 

 molested, soon eat the leaves, but its destructive 

 effects are largely due in the case of oats to the fact 

 that it eats off the little stems of the panicle that sup- 

 port the grains. 



The cabbage worm eats cabbage leaves. The eggs 

 are laid by a small white butterfly in the spring. Very 

 little can be done to destroy the adult butterflies, but 

 if the worms are on the cabbage an early spraying of 

 Paris green or arsenate of lead will poison the larvae. 

 Later the cabbage leaves may be covered with flour, 

 which largely prevents the destruction of the leaves by 

 the worm. 



Bees and Ants (Hymenoptera, membrane-winged). 



-This order, including bees, ants, saw-flies, gall 



flies, ichneumon flies, and the imported currant worm, 



is characterized by having two pairs of membranous 



