FARM ANIMALS 



325 



when not milking heavily, and have large calves, which 

 are profitable for veal or for growing as steers. 



In addition to the above-named types, there are many 

 common cows, familiarly termed scrubs, which belong 

 to no type, being neither good milk producers nor 

 good meat producers. The first cost of these cows may 

 be small, but they are the most expensive in the end. 



THE BEEF TYPE 



The aptitude to take on flesh is of vital importance 

 in this type, for the best beef animal is the one that 

 carries to the block the highest excellence and the most 

 profit. The general beef type animal is low, broad, 

 deep, smooth, even, and rectangular in form. It is of 

 great importance, when considering profits, to have an 

 animal that puts on a thick, even covering of the right 

 kind of meat in the parts that make high-priced cuts. 



The Shorthorn, or Durham. The most common beef- 

 type animal is the Durham, an English breed formerly 

 called shorthorn. As they produce milk of good qual- 

 ity and quantity, 

 they make one 

 of the best dual 

 purpose cows 

 known. 



A breed de- 

 rived from the 

 shorthorns, the 

 Polled (hornless) 

 Durham, origi- 

 nated in this FIG. ioS. Durham. 



country. The color of these two breeds is variable, 

 being sometimes red, sometimes white, sometimes a 



