AND NOMENCLATORS. x 



which they raised to defray the heavy legal expenses con- 

 sequent upon Stephens' s defeat. He was an indefatigable 

 collector of all orders of insects, and will long be re- 

 membered for the unbounded liberality with which his 

 admirably arranged collections and extensive entomo- 

 logical library were thrown open to every entomologist, 

 and for his readiness in imparting information to all. 

 His library is now in the possession of Mr. Stainton, who 

 imitates the liberality of its previous owner. The col- 

 lections valuable as containing the types described in 

 the " Illust rations/' and also the types of Marsham, and 

 some of those of Haworth are principally in the British 

 Museum ; but his collection of the British Crustacea is 

 in the Hopeian Cabinet at Oxford. During the first half 

 of this century, entomology made rapid strides in En- 

 gland j and to none was this progress owing more than 

 to James Francis Stephens. He died in 1852. 

 STEVENS, Samuel, F.L.S. of London, Treasurer of the Ento- 

 mological Soc., a most active collector, but known as 

 an author only by notes in The Zoologist, and Entom. 

 Soc. Tr. 



TENGSTROM, J. af, author of "Bidrag til Finnland's Fjaril- 

 Fauna" (Helsingfors, 1847). Besides investigating the 

 Lepidop. of Finnland, Tengstrom has brought to the 

 notice of European entomologists several novelties from 

 America and Java. 



TH UN BERG, Karl Peter, a Swede, born in 1743, at Jonkoping, 

 where his father was pastor, was educated at Upsala, 

 under Linne. When on a visit to Amsterdam in 1770, 

 he was appointed Surgeon to one of the vessels of the 

 Dutch East India Company, and sailed to the Cape of 

 Good Hope, where he remained three winters ; thence 

 he proceeded to Java and Japan, and stayed five years, 

 exploring the country, and collecting the natural pro- 

 ducts. On his return, he published " Resa uti Europa, 

 Africa, Asia, fdrattad aren 1770-79" (Upsala, 1788-93, 

 4 vols.), and " Flora Japonica " (1784). He was elected 

 an hon.mem.of sixty-six learned Societies; and numerous 

 papers from his pen, containing descriptions of new spe- 

 cies, both exotic and European, as well as catalogues of 

 the Faunas of various countries, will be found in the 

 Vetensk. Akad. Handl., Trans. Phil. & Linn., French, 

 German, Dutch, and Russian Societies. In 1784 Thun- 

 berg succeeded the younger Linne as Professor of Botany 

 at Upsala, subsequently to which he published " Mu- 

 seum Naturalium Academiae Upsaliensis" (1788), and 



